Proud of this people and their representatives @Sébastien Delogu who are standing up against the ongoing genocide in Palestine. End the genocide! Ceasefire! Now!
The essentials
What to remember since January 2023
International & defence, the campaign's number one subject
19% of the posts classified since January 2023, and a further +25% over the last six months.
Digital & AI leads what is rising
Over the last six months: Digital & AI (+172%), Purchasing power (+80%), Housing (+74%), Europe & sovereignty (+64%), Agriculture & rural areas (+31%).
Pensions: the subject that is fading most
Pensions (-82%), Institutions & democracy (-45%), Education & youth (-19%), Economy & employment (-17%): the subjects that filled 2023 are no longer part of the campaign.
Health: discreet online, first in Parliament
The theme accounts for 6% of online speech and 18% of the initiatives of the 19 candidates who have sat since 2023.
Apolline de Malherbe, at the top of the most followed
22 candidates follow or cite her account since 2023: the most widely shared interlocutor of the campaign.
The 14 themes
What makes the campaign, what is rising and what is fading
The 14 themes of the campaign
Share of each theme in the 48,024 classified posts of the 34 candidates and potential candidates, from January 2023 to June 2026. The curve tracks its share of voice month by month; the badge compares the last six months with the previous six; on the right, the three candidates who devote the largest share of their speech to it.
Read the most widely shared posts: International & defence
While France is navigating blind, paralysed by Emmanuel Macron and his unworthy alliances, the descent into violence continues. An extraordinary session of the Assembly must be convened to debate a major law to rearm the State that will protect the French.
The flag of Palestine is flying this morning over Saint-Denis town hall, between the French flag, that of Fraternity and the European flag, that of a continent which, after tearing itself apart, learned to unite in diversity. This flag is that of the women, men and children who are victims of a genocide in Gaza and of colonisation in the West Bank; that of a youth that hopes for another future. All of them have the right to freedom and self-determination. The recognition tonight of the State of Palestine by France is a historic moment. This powerful gesture led 9 other states to follow. It expresses our wish for a path to peace to open, with two states living side by side in mutual respect.
We learned that France had spent millions on the water network in Gaza. I am in favour of international cooperation, but understand the anger of our compatriots in the overseas territories when they see that once again they have come after international aid!
My reaction to the jihadist attack in Arras. #EricZemmour #Zemmour #France #Arras #Islam #Hamas #fyp #fypシ #foryoupage #foryourpage #pourtoi #pourtoii #tiktok #politique #drame #tristesse #guerre #professeur
For an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, that is the action we need! Meet this Saturday at 2 p.m. at Place de la République in Paris!
ALL war crimes must be condemned.
We have entered an era of confrontation between supremacists. North American supremacism defends its domination over the world. Netanyahu's genocidal government defends an ethnic supremacism. Ali Khamenei and his accomplices proclaimed a form of superiority within Islam and over the Middle East. Now that Iran's main leaders have been killed, we want an immediate ceasefire in the Middle East. “Preventive wars” do not exist. When the first bombs have already killed more than a hundred people in a school in Iran, we say: enough! Our positions are the same as those held by the Roja collective: against war! Woman, Life, Freedom! Neither Shah nor Mullahs!
Read the most widely shared posts: Security & justice
The damage we see at every far-left demonstration, or during the riots: could we not catch the thugs and ask them to pay?
You touch a police officer, you sleep in prison! #PSG #Paris #LDC #PSGARS
La France Insoumise uses any pretext to come and spew its hatred of the Police and to justify the riots. Whatever the reason, you do not burn police stations, you do not attack the forces of law and order, you do not attack schools!
You smash a bus shelter, it costs €20,000? Well, you are ordered to pay the €20,000. It is not for the French to pay for those who smash things during riots!
I will fight for women's rights, and I will fight for the first of their freedoms: their safety! 🙏🏻
Fed up with asking the French to pay for the consequences of the riots.
Insecurity is ruining the lives of the French!
We will restore order and security for all the French! 🇫🇷
Read the most widely shared posts: Institutions & democracy
Jean-Luc Mélenchon considered yesterday, very calmly, that it was “funny” to say in a slogan: “one dead cop = one fewer vote for the RN”. That he could tomorrow be Prime Minister of France is terribly worrying.
100 days as Prime Minister: I answer the 5 most liked questions. Counters close tonight at 8 p.m. and answers tomorrow!
For several days now, a state of endemic disorder has set in across the country, the images and echoes of which are chilling in their brutality. I ask the President of the Republic to receive without further delay the parties represented in the National Assembly.
What kind of conception of democracy is this?
Elias was fourteen years old. Last Friday, he was murdered by two minors over a mobile phone. Do you intend, Prime Minister, to change a criminal justice strategy that is a dramatic failure, in order to protect our fellow citizens and in particular our children?
On a proposal from the Rassemblement National, the Assembly today demanded an end to the 1968 agreement with Algeria. Emmanuel Macron and the government must take note of this resolution. Weakness is no longer an option: France must now make itself respected.
As he is about to leave power, Emmanuel Macron is locking down our institutions to keep control of them and prolong his influence. Faced with the illiberal drift of a president at the end of his term, I say this with gravity: the Republic belongs only to the French people.
I would like to point a finger at the ball of hypocrites. We are accused of having voted the motion of no confidence with the NFP. But who formed an alliance with the far left last June? Who stood down for them? Who got them elected?
Read the most widely shared posts: Europe & sovereignty
🚨 A pure scandal: @emmanuelmacron has just succeeded in excluding the definition and criminalisation of rape from the European law on violence against women. It is a disgrace for our country, France, and a defeat for women's rights in Europe. Spread the word around you. To the very end, Emmanuel Macron blocked the criminalisation of rape at European level. Against the European Commission. Against the European Parliament. Against the right and the left together, who voted the European legislation through almost unanimously. Against feminist organisations. Against his own MEPs in the European Parliament! Against other European states such as Spain, Belgium or Italy. Against 230,000 French citizens. While more than 100,000 rapes are recorded in the European Union every year, we refused to believe that France could block a major step forward in protecting European women. But @emmanuelmacron decided otherwise. It is fine to hold rallies with European flags, but is it “pro-European” to prevent the criminalisation of rape at European level against the European institutions? Is it “pro-European” to block the European Commission's directive that finally gives rights to millions of platform workers? Is it “pro-European” to weaken the corporate due diligence directive by excluding the financial and banking sector? Today we suffered a defeat, but the fight must go on: the review clause, wrested by the Parliament, in the agreement on the European law on violence against women will give us the chance to include rape in the next term. Thank you for your tremendous mobilisation. Count on me to fight during this European election campaign and then in the European Parliament, if you give me the mandate, to continue the struggle we launched together. More than ever: the fight goes on!
Pro-#Frexit demonstration organised by Les Patriotes on 22/02/2025 🇫🇷
🚨UPDATE: We are going to make it! The trilogue took place on 3 October (in the afternoon). France and the other opposing states maintained their position, to exclude rape from the European legislation on violence against women, but the wall is starting to crack and ever stronger divisions are appearing between the states. Your pressure is working! Keep going. The Presidency of the Council, the Spanish government, is on our side. Joined by more and more states. A final decision will be taken on 14 November. We have a month to turn the tables and force our government to see reason. Keep signing the petition (in BIO) and keep calling out @emmanuelmacron in the comments. We will not let go! *** Citizen alert: while more than 100,000 rapes are recorded in the European Union every year, our country, France, is refusing at the European Council a major step forward to protect European women (a step supported by elected women from the right such as @nco.metz or from the left such as @evinincir, and also by associations @ippf_global @amnestybefr @osez_le_feminisme …). Can you believe it? It is a scandal. And we can, we must act. It is urgent. Please read the behind-the-scenes story of this scandal to the end, and please call out @emmanuelmacron en masse and sign the petition widely (link in BIO). The final decision may come very soon. France must not block this step forward. Not in our name. We are counting on you to tip the decision in our favour. The more massive your mobilisation, the more Emmanuel Macron and his government will be forced to listen to us and stop blocking this major step forward. We are counting on you and you can count on us not to let go in the institutions. The fight goes on!
Long live the Patriots of Europe. Long live France, long live free Nations!
The European Union is soon to add a new punishment to its anti-motorist arsenal: an annual roadworthiness test for vehicles over 10 years old. Faced with this offensive against the freedom to travel, we will be there to defend you.
🚨 URGENT: The official campaign ends tonight at midnight and I need you to spread the truth about @jordanbardella and the RN. Read the post to the end and 1/share this post widely around you 2/tag 3 of your friends in the comments so they know and in turn spread it 3/sign the “stand firm” petition (link in BIO). This is the true face of the RN. Not in words, in deeds. Jordan Bardella can make as many TikTok videos as he likes, it will change nothing. Thank you for organising the resistance to the far right in France and in Europe! The fight goes on.
They say we don't have the money to cut fuel taxes? We have just increased our contribution to the European Union by 6 billion euros! If the government doesn't know how to do it, let them make way for us!
Larvae in our food (bread, compotes, pasta, etc.) from Monday 10/02/2025 because of the EU! 4 grams per 100 grams! #Frexit urgently for safe and healthy food! 🐛😱
Read the most widely shared posts: Economy & employment
Faced with soaring fuel prices, let's cut taxes!
Save Teisseire! Save the French grenadine syrup, save 205 jobs, 205 family lives, save what remains of our French industry, our factories being left to close one after another… The State is letting it happen, so we need you. Call on President @emmanuelmacron and Prime Minister @sb.lecornu over this plundering of our industry!
Gabriel Zucman has published a book: “Billionaires don't pay income tax and we are going to put an end to that”. Do you think I can find it in Bolloré's Relay shops?
I am a candidate for the presidency of the French Republic. For the millions of workers who, at the bottom, in the factories, offices and hospitals, hold the country up. Against a France at the top that gorges itself, with billionaires who pay less tax than nurses. We need a great reset.
I am a candidate for the presidency of the French Republic. For the millions of workers who, at the bottom, in the factories, offices and hospitals, hold the country up. Against a France at the top that gorges itself, with billionaires who pay less tax than nurses. We need a great reset. Support the campaign, send NOUSPRESIDENT in the comments!
⛽️ Faced with soaring prices, let's cut taxes!
Work on Notre-Dame cathedral is progressing well. The reopening planned for next December should be able to go ahead. Things are taking shape. 👀 Bravo to our craftspeople and to everyone mobilised to protect this jewel of our heritage. 🇫🇷
Read the most widely shared posts: Health
It is morally reprehensible to try to make money from something that ought to be banned. If drinks are harmful to young people's health, we ban their sale, but we do not seek to turn them into revenue for the State. And if they are not harmful, there is no reason to tax them.
My dear friends, the result of the ballot box must always be respected, even when it is hard to accept. That is how democracy works, with its victories and sometimes its bitterness. I first want to thank our voters: nearly 10 million French people put their trust in the RN and its allies. That is more than in any other political party. In this respect, we are the leading political force in France and the unprecedented momentum that carries us will continue. The alliance of dishonour and the electoral deals struck between Emmanuel Macron and Jean-Luc Mélenchon's far left yesterday deprived the French of a change they had nonetheless called for, first in the European elections last June, then in the first round of the legislative elections by putting the RN well in the lead. Nothing is over. Quite the contrary, everything is beginning: from now on, your patriotic elected representatives are at work, in the exclusive service of France and the French. We will carry your voice and we will defend your rights. Our 143 elected members will fight, as they always have, for your purchasing power, for your right to security, to see your legitimate wish to control immigration respected, for our public services and for equal access to healthcare. We will also be there to defend France and the Republic against those who seek to damage them. This result is not an end in itself: it is a foundation on which we will build future victories. Because I will need the talent, energy and mobilisation of everyone for the coming deadlines, I urge you to get involved in the political life of your country, and to join us. As Victor Hugo wrote, “However thick the night, one always glimpses a light”: in the night of unnatural alliances, we are a beacon you can always count on. We will stand alongside the French people, ready to take our responsibilities. I will be there, for you, with you, until victory. Nothing can stop a people who have begun to hope again. Long live the Republic and long live France! 🇫🇷
8 a.m. to 6 p.m., mental health, school rhythms, length of holidays: shall we put it all on the table?
Kevin Piette, paraplegic since an accident 11 years ago, made history today by carrying the Olympic flame with his exoskeleton! 🔥 Magnificent and inspiring! 🤩 Follow me 👉 Benjamin Louis / Coeur Handisport #Inspiration #Motivation #Santé #Handicap
In France, everything is falling apart! Our country is doing very badly, everything is collapsing: our social protection system, our economy, our diplomacy, our schools, our healthcare system...
François Bayrou's proposal to scrap two public holidays is a red rag to make everyone talk about nothing else for days without the French noticing all the other renunciations announced today on their health, public services… I have a theory on the subject, I explain it here.
The hour is grave for French agriculture, for our sovereignty, for our health: despite the French rejection, the EU-Mercosur treaty is moving forward. They are the soul of France. Without them, our country would lose part of its identity. Let us defend our farmers!
Cadmium: it is a public health bomb and a State scandal! Its consequences for health are manifold and it is everywhere: pasta, rice, semolina, vegetables, even infant formula. While the recommendations of the health authorities advise a maximum of 20mg of cadmium per kg of fertiliser, in France we sometimes reach 90mg! The State's inaction is putting the population in danger. We are putting forward a private member's bill to follow the health recommendations and regulate the use of cadmium. It is urgent!
Read the most widely shared posts: Education & youth
The first results of the absurd Parcoursup system will come out this Tuesday. Courage to the young people and their families who are anxiously waiting for the answers. As I already proposed in 2022, we will scrap Parcoursup. In a year, we can be rid of it, and we will open more places in universities to welcome everyone who wants one. The intelligence of our youth is not to be rationed: it is our most precious wealth!
Thank you to Les Bleus for their strong words against bullying at school. The general mobilisation to eradicate this scourge continues. #Harcelement #Harcelementcolaire #EquipeDeFrance #Football #mbappe #nonauharcelement
Abaya: the problem with schools is the lack of resources!
This Wednesday I am launching an association to fight bullying at school. I will have at my side Béatrice Le Blay, the mother of Nicolas, who took his own life in September 2023 because of the bullying he was subjected to. And Elian Potier, a young man who himself suffered serious bullying at secondary school. Looking forward to telling you more. So that shame changes sides and victims are always protected. 🙏✊ @Faire Face
A compulsory work placement for pupils in general or technological Year 11? I sum up what is changing and why. #Stages #Lycee #foryou #college #politique #ecole
Hi Laurent?! #prof #professeur #monsieurprof #cours #anglais #coursdanglais #english #eleve #eleves #élève #college #lycee #apprendresurtiktok #ambassadeur #laurent #salutlaurent #trend #harcelement #harcelementscolaire
For all the mischievous, playful sprites: the Pass Rail is for you! #Ecologie #Ecole #College #Lycee #Environnement
Baccalauréat, brevet, repeating a year, teaching of maths and the Singapore method: I sum up my latest announcements to raise pupils' level. Tell me in the comments what you think. #École #Collège #Lycée #harcelementscolaire #Politique #Attal #foryou #cours #maths
Read the most widely shared posts: Immigration & identity
A Muslim is someone who believes in God and respects others. An Islamist is someone who believes in God and massacres others. They are two totally different things.
Marion Maréchal should be ashamed. Ashamed of the MPs in her camp who photographed little girls on a school trip to the Assembly because they were wearing the headscarf (which is allowed) before throwing them to the wolves on social media and CNEWS. And ashamed of confusing Islam and Islamism.
Marion Maréchal did not like me reminding her of the real immigration figures, so she spent her time cutting me off. But facts are stubborn things, whatever she and her friendly channels say to make people believe that France is nothing but immigrants and Muslims.
We must stop the nonsense about immigration
Are there really 8 billion monsters on Earth? There is not a single country in the world that offers illegal immigrants free healthcare the way we do!
I have never attacked Muslims, and if Muslim mothers think I have, it leaves me with a sense of failure. I fight Islamism, which is a totalitarian ideology. I do not fight Muslims.
We must stop the pantomime over the expulsion of immigrants.
I make no apology for wanting to end welfare-driven immigration.
Read the most widely shared posts: Environment & energy
In the long run, low-emission zones will turn big cities into inaccessible citadels, placing millions of ordinary French motorists under house arrest. The Rassemblement National opposes this measure: punitive, anti-social and freedom-killing environmentalism!
🚨Alert: we have 24 hours to act. While every climate indicator is flashing red - on land and at sea, the world has just had its hottest week ever recorded - and the mass extinction of animals is accelerating, the conservative EPP group @eppgroup in the European Parliament is about to “kill” a decisive piece of legislation to restore nature and protect biodiversity. The vote takes place in 24 hours. I need you. This is urgent. Please read this post to the end, then join us in mobilising. HOW CAN YOU HELP? 1. Tag @eppgroup in the comments in huge numbers: everyone who sees this post can and should take 10 seconds to do this. 2. Share this post widely in your stories to alert your friends and family and put maximum pressure on your elected representatives: only 24 hours remain. The European institutions’ climate action is already too timid and too slow. If it is also blocked in Parliament, we are heading for disaster. The time has come to make ourselves heard. I’m counting on you! Raphael
Let’s use air conditioning! All over the world, countries facing extreme heat have adapted. In France, some tell us we should accept suffocating. A surreal debate… Let us reject the ecology of degrowth and the Stone Age. Let us defend an ecology of progress, science and innovation.
Thank you for blocking the path of the far right. Thank you for always being there to save what matters most, even when it costs you (sometimes voting against your convictions). I have seen so many jibes at the “beavers” who build the dam that I want to restate one simple thing tonight: without them, the RN could have won an absolute majority and Jordan Bardella would have become Prime Minister. And everything would have been very, very different. So thank you, a thousand times thank you. We are relieved tonight: the dam has held once again and France has refused to hand power and an absolute majority to the far right. Now we must tackle the causes of the flood. Without delay. Without faltering. Otherwise the next wave will be infinitely harder to contain and the beavers will end up resigning. The more than 100 RN MPs and the more than 10 million voters who chose the RN forbid any form of relief, celebration or self-congratulation. So do the millions of abstentions and blank votes. France is fractured. We have avoided clinical death today, but the illness remains. The fight therefore goes on. More than ever. For social and tax justice. For solidarity and ecology. For our humanist principles. To rebuild a democracy undermined by corruption, individualism, cynicism, inequality and injustice. Every day, week and month must advance our causes, our principles, our hopes. To defend, nurture and build our humanist, ecological and caring France. The fight goes on!
😰 Can you imagine Mélenchon with the nuclear button?
🚨It’s passed! By a handful of votes. It was very tight, but the legislation to protect nature and the climate has been adopted by the European Parliament. Thank you for your incredible mobilisation! Of course, I regret the amendments that watered down the text and I would have liked a more ambitious law, particularly on the ocean, where concrete measures were within reach (for ambition on the ocean you can follow @claire_nouvian and @graine_de_possible). But the legislation has passed and that is what matters today. The fight goes on to do more and better! Raphaël
The system has dropped the nuclear bomb because we are about to win.
Every commercial success of @sheinofficial - here the “pop-up store” in Paris - is a resounding defeat for human rights and the environment. It is our responsibility as legislators to make it impossible for a business model built on abolishing social rights and destroying the environment to exist. We know that behind @sheinofficial’s €2 T-shirts and €9 dresses lies an unbearable system of exploitation. These images of crowds outside the “pop-up store” in Paris show just how crucial the texts we are carrying in the European Parliament are, on corporate due diligence and on banning products made with slave labour from our markets. There will be no social justice or ecological transformation until we impose standards, until we turn the page on deregulated globalisation. In the coming weeks, I will need you to put an end to the irresponsibility of multinationals like SHEIN. In the coming weeks, I will need you to counter the influence of lobbies and remind your representatives that the general interest must take precedence over private interests, however powerful they may be. I will keep you informed. The fight goes on!
Read the most widely shared posts: Agriculture & rural affairs
I am making a solemn appeal to the President of the Republic: he must oppose the free trade agreement with Mercosur. In the name of French farmers, of our rural communities, of our identity and of our food sovereignty.
I would like to denounce those foolish environmentalists who are always so incredibly aggressive towards farmers. No, livestock farmers do not regard their animals as production tools. They bring them into the world and raise them with love and care.
#Agriculteurs #Pétition #LesPatriotes Link to copy and sign: https://les-patriotes.fr/soutien-aux-7-gendarmes-mobiles-qui-ont-refuse-laffrontement-contre-les-paysans/ 🇫🇷🇫🇷🇫🇷
Thank you to the farmers for their welcome 🙏🏻
Support for the farmers’ revolt #Frexit #Agriculteurs #LesPatriotes 🇫🇷
With Oupette, the star of the Agricultural Show 😎 #SIA2025
She is this year’s mascot cow, Oreillette! Straight from the Orne department, this magnificent Normande cow is in Paris this week to honour the 60th edition of the Salon international de l’Agriculture.
Read the most widely shared posts: Pensions
Madam Prime Minister, do you sincerely believe it is good for the country to propose a pension reform that raises the retirement age, which 70% of the French oppose, making them pay for the failures of your policies?
The majority of the French people and of the chamber are against the pension reform you forced through with the 49.3. It is only through rather pathetic manoeuvres that its repeal cannot actually be voted today.
Where is #démocratie? #Vote #debat #assembleenationale #JeanJaures #Politique #LFI #YaelBraunPivet #France #retraites #nupes
On 7 October 2023, we witnessed what we thought we would never see again: pogroms, on the very soil of Israel. I reaffirm here our support for the Israeli people, struck to the heart, for the families affected and for all those whose souls suffer from these atrocities.
We are going to vote to suspend the pension reform forced through by Elisabeth Borne with the 49.3, pending its repeal!
I have found the manifesto of the Macronists in 2022 - the same people who now want pensions de-indexed. Point number 1: for more purchasing power, from this summer, index pensions to inflation.
Questions to the government: my question to Sébastien Lecornu on pension reform.
All is not lost. We can still force @emmanuelmacron to withdraw his unfair reform. To do so, let us make this Thursday 23 March a day of historic mobilisation. Share it around you, let us be millions on the streets. With just 9 votes, the government’s unfair pension reform would not have passed. But we must not resign ourselves. We still have one powerful means of pushing @emmanuelmacron to withdraw this reform: social and civic mobilisation. And Thursday’s will be crucial. Thursday is the moment to say NO. NO to social injustice. NO to arrogance. NO to contempt. On Thursday, it does not matter whether you are political or not, left-wing or not, close to or far from retirement, from here or elsewhere: this mobilisation goes beyond the usual divisions and differences. You know that I rarely intervene in French political debate and that I am not one for party reflexes, but it is time to show that the France committed to the principles of justice and equality, solidarity and empathy exists. And to make its voice heard. No emergency justified this forcing through. None. Emmanuel Macron’s policy amounts to arrogance and hubris. This Thursday, we must make him swallow his pride and not promulgate this unjust law. We can do it if we are numerous enough. The fight goes on. See you Thursday all over France!
Read the most widely shared posts: Purchasing power
This Sunday 9 June, one round, one ballot to give us the strength to change everything! For peace, against the cost of living and for human dignity, vote insoumis, vote Manon Aubry!
We want to cut VAT on gas, electricity, heating oil and fuel to 5.5%, because we consider these to be basic necessities. The aim is to create a purchasing-power shock for our fellow citizens.
Even with a salary, the French can no longer make ends meet. The weight of bills stops them living with dignity!
The only MP on the minimum wage! That bothers the RN, which pays for chauffeurs and butlers out of public funds. Hence the absurd accusations in the Assembly. I answer them. Despite Speaker Chenu, who wants to stop me from replying.
To those who do not want to raise the minimum wage: do you know who you are punishing?
I have a solution to bring down fuel prices: cut VAT from 20% to 5.5%. This measure will benefit all French people, and will also apply to electricity, gas and heating oil!
Purchasing power is a daily emergency for millions of French people.
Mr Wauquiez, your manipulation is crude. Comparing a family of five living below the poverty line with a single employee makes no sense. The problem is not the cost of solidarity but the sharing of value. Over 40 years, the capital income of the ultra-rich has grown by 8% a year while wages have risen by just 1% a year. Coming from someone who spent €100,000 of public money on a single dinner, this moral lecture is the height of indecency.
Read the most widely shared posts: Digital & AI
Screen bans, a digital curfew: I am making several proposals to regulate the use of screens and social media. Let’s discuss them in the comments!
In the middle of France, in the Indre, Google is going to build a giga data centre the size of 300 football pitches. Why are we against it? It is a six-legged scandal: • It will consume as much electricity as all the inhabitants of the department. • With the Cloud Act signed by Google, Trump, the FBI and the CIA will be able to search the data stored here. • To attract them, they are given gifts: the mayor has to keep quiet, they get water and electricity as a priority, ahead of residents and agriculture. • A tax break so that they pay half as much for electricity as residents do. • It produces heat (2 to 9 degrees more within a 10 km radius), which is not even recovered to heat nearby homes. • In winter, at peak consumption, the French are asked to cut back. But the data centres keep their priority to train their AI. France is the country in the world that invests the most in data centres this year, twice as much as the USA. For our digital sovereignty? On the contrary: we are becoming a digital colony. Here is why we are against this direction. The petition to sign: https://agir.greenvoice.fr/petitions/non-au-mega-centre-de-donnees-de-google-a-chateauroux?source=web_share_api&utm_source=web_share_api&share=1661a3e8-178d-4890-b2d3-91158d279a7e Thank you Ozans for saying no to the struggle!
Social media ban for under-15s, digital curfew: it’s moving forward!
After my fake villa in the south-west, here is my fake villa in Marseille! Decidedly, between Israel’s foreign interference against the insoumis and Fake News made with generative AI, the presidential campaign is shaping up nicely! The government does not seem to
The end of the lifetime driving licence, the digital licence... LET’S NOT LET THEM DO THIS TO US ANY MORE! I invite you to sign the petition against the end of the lifetime licence, which you can find on the Debout la France website. #permis #voiture #european #politique #actualité
Unfortunately, I was not in Cannes. The fools who swallow whatever AI comes up with are ridiculous simpletons. However, never forget that the Cannes Film Festival was co-founded by the CGT at the Liberation and owes its existence to the working class
Does violence have a place in politics? Can one die for ideas, can one kill for ideas? These questions come back head-on today and remind me of a major text by Albert Camus who, almost eighty years ago, was already asking: “can one kill in the name of justice without losing one’s humanity?” That text is Les Justes. A play that still resonates powerfully and never ceases to move us. It is the moral boundaries that form the foundation of our humanity. The refusal to kill the innocent. The refusal to rationalise violence. The refusal to sacrifice a life in the name of an ideology, as if the human being were merely a means. In the age of algorithms, where children are no longer faces but points on a digital map, where the industrialisation of violence worries us, Camus tells us that a victory paid for at the price of the inhuman is a defeat for civilisation.
Huge! (see video ⤵️) Just now in Paris, US Vice President JD #Vance demolishes the European censorship regulation #DSA! “The United States will not accept it! It is bad for them but also for your countries!” “It is one thing to protect a child from paedophile predators, it is quite another to stop an adult from accessing an opinion that runs against his government”!… ➡️ #Ursula was staring at her shoes during this anti-censorship lesson and this very clear warning! Long live freedom of expression!
Read the most widely shared posts: Housing
Where exactly do you find a €500 flat? If the Macronists have addresses, let them give them to the pensioners who earn more than €1,400 - and whom they consider rich!
Where exactly do you find a €500 flat? If the Macronists have addresses, let them give the addresses to the pensioners who earn more than €1,400 - and whom they consider rich!
The President of the Republic is a dependant: no rent to pay, no bill at the end of dinner, no filling up at a motorway service area. What does he do with his €20,000? Buy Top Gun sunglasses? Yes, the minimum wage will be enough for me. And after that, we will carry out a new abolition of privileges! To join us: send NOUSPRESIDENT in the comments! 🔴 nouspresident.fr
Heated exchange with the owner of BHV and of the Galeries Lafayette stores that will sell SHEIN. Reminders: 1️⃣ up to 45% of fast fashion buyers regret their purchase 2️⃣ 70% of our clothes are never worn 3️⃣ textiles account for 10% of global emissions
Living in social housing when you are a criminal offender: for me, that is a no. What do you think?
Comment “MAIL” to receive my newsletter! Hope on the left! In 100 days as mayor of New York, Zohran Mamdani has already acted: free childcare, solidarity municipal grocery stores, a tenant protection office… And how is he funding these measures? With tax justice! He has teamed up with Gabriel Zucman to defend taxing the ultra-rich, as Eva Sas and I did when we brought the Zucman tax proposal to the National Assembly! And on top of that he was chosen by a primary! Let’s take a leaf out of his book!
Hope on the left! In 100 days as mayor of New York, Zohran Mamdani has already acted: free childcare, solidarity municipal grocery stores, a tenant protection office… And how is he funding these measures? With tax justice! He has teamed up with Gabriel Zucman to defend taxing the ultra-rich, as Eva Sas and I did when we brought the Zucman tax proposal to the National Assembly! And on top of that he was chosen by a primary! Let’s take a leaf out of his book!
✅ When a home is illegally squatted, the police must step in. We must enforce PRIVATE PROPERTY.
What is rising, what is flat, what is falling
Change in each topic’s share of voice: the last six months (January to June 2026) compared with the previous six.
Rising
7 topics
- Digital & AI+172 %
- Purchasing power+80 %
- Housing+74 %
- Europe & sovereignty+64 %
- Agriculture & rural affairs+31 %
- International & defence+25 %
- Environment & energy+21 %
Flat
2 topics
- Security & justice-3 %
- Immigration & identity-6 %
Falling
5 topics
- Pensions-82 %
- Institutions & democracy-45 %
- Education & youth-19 %
- Economy & employment-17 %
- Health-11 %
The high points
Candidates’ voices, month by month
Key moments of the campaign
Number of posts classified across the 14 topics, month by month, with the events that shaped the candidates’ voices. The acceleration of 2025-2026 is the start of the campaign.
The candidates' signature
Who stands for what, from the far left to the far right
Each candidate’s signature
Share of each topic in each candidate’s posts since January 2023 (in %), candidates ranked from the far left to the far right. Circled cell: their number one topic. Click a cell to read its posts on the topic.
| Purchasing power | Economy & employment | Pensions | Health | Security & justice | Immigration & identity | Environment & energy | Education & youth | International & defence | Europe & sovereignty | Institutions & democracy | Agriculture & rural affairs | Housing | Digital & AI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Far left | ||||||||||||||
| Nathalie Arthaud3,685 posts | 4 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | · |
| Philippe Poutou2,712 posts | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 1 | · | · |
| Radical left | ||||||||||||||
| Clémentine Autain4,970 posts | 1 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | · |
| François Ruffin4,679 posts | 4 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Jean-Luc Mélenchon4,570 posts | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 17 | 2 | 5 | 1 | · | 1 |
| Left | ||||||||||||||
| Marine Tondelier6,657 posts | · | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 4 | · | · |
| Olivier Faure4,244 posts | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 1 | · |
| Benjamin Lucas3,768 posts | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 17 | · | · | · |
| Boris Vallaud3,719 posts | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 1 | · |
| Fabien Roussel3,490 posts | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 0 | · |
| Ségolène Royal2,731 posts | 2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | · | 0 |
| Jérôme Guedj2,535 posts | · | 2 | 4 | 12 | 4 | 4 | · | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | · | · | · |
| François Hollande2,113 posts | · | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | · | 2 | 14 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Raphaël Glucksmann2,056 posts | · | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 21 | 6 | 1 | · | · |
| Bernard Cazeneuve1,073 posts | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | · | 1 | 1 |
| Delphine Batho1,006 posts | · | 2 | 3 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | · | · |
| Lydie Massard742 posts | · | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 4 | 8 | 2 | · |
| Centre | ||||||||||||||
| Gabriel Attal2,618 posts | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Elisabeth Borne1,529 posts | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | · | 2 |
| Édouard Philippe681 posts | · | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | 1 |
| Centre right | ||||||||||||||
| Gérald Darmanin3,747 posts | · | 2 | · | 1 | 46 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | · | · | 1 |
| Bruno Le Maire1,838 posts | 3 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | · | 3 |
| Dominique de Villepin1,249 posts | · | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 4 | 8 | 1 | · | 2 |
| Right | ||||||||||||||
| David Lisnard3,770 posts | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Xavier Bertrand3,007 posts | 0 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4 | · | 2 |
| Bruno Retailleau2,351 posts | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 2 | · | · |
| Michel Barnier1,914 posts | · | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 3 | · | · |
| Sovereigntist right | ||||||||||||||
| Nicolas Dupont-Aignan4,013 posts | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 4 | · | 1 |
| François Asselineau2,386 posts | · | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 15 | 5 | 2 | · | 0 |
| Far right | ||||||||||||||
| Florian Philippot3,699 posts | · | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | · | 23 | 19 | 5 | 5 | · | 2 |
| Jordan Bardella3,662 posts | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 4 | · | · |
| Éric Zemmour3,546 posts | · | 3 | · | 1 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | · | · |
| Marine Le Pen2,006 posts | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 1 | · |
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Clara Egger241 posts | · | · | · | · | 2 | · | 1 | · | 1 | 4 | 12 | · | · | · |
The political families
Which camp carries which topic
Which political families carry each topic
Breakdown of each topic’s posts by the candidate’s political family, since January 2023. The left has more candidates in the panel, so shares should be read topic against topic.
- International & defenceLeft leads (32%)
- Security & justiceCentre-right leads (27%)
- Institutions & democracyLeft leads (46%)
- Europe & sovereigntyLeft leads (28%)
- Economy & employmentLeft leads (26%)
- HealthLeft leads (51%)
- Education & youthLeft leads (30%)
- Immigration & identityFar right leads (33%)
- Environment & energyLeft leads (59%)
- Agriculture & rural affairsLeft leads (31%)
- PensionsLeft leads (51%)
- Purchasing powerLeft leads (29%)
- Digital & AIRight leads (20%)
- HousingLeft leads (34%)
Emotion or facts
The register of the campaign
Emotion or facts
Share of posts in the factual register (figures, facts, data) and in the emotional register, using the same lexical markers as the observatory. Since late 2024, the factual register has doubled and remains ahead of emotion.
- Agriculture & rural affairs12,2 %8,5 %
- Health11,6 %12,4 %
- Security & justice11,4 %8,0 %
- International & defence9,3 %7,5 %
- Environment & energy9,1 %12,0 %
- Housing7,9 %17,5 %
- Institutions & democracy7,7 %8,4 %
- Education & youth7,5 %8,8 %
- Immigration & identity6,6 %7,6 %
- Economy & employment6,4 %20,7 %
- Europe & sovereignty6,2 %10,4 %
- Pensions5,7 %14,3 %
- Purchasing power4,5 %27,1 %
- Digital & AI3,2 %13,7 %
The quotes that carried
The most widely shared posts
The quotes that resonated most
The campaign’s most widely shared posts since 2023, one per candidate, with their topic.
Proud of this people and their representatives @Sébastien Delogu who are standing up against the ongoing genocide in Palestine. End the genocide! Ceasefire! Now!
A Muslim is someone who believes in God and respects others. An Islamist is someone who believes in God and massacres others. They are two totally different things.
Thank you to Les Bleus for their strong words against bullying at school. The general mobilisation to eradicate this scourge continues. #Harcelement #Harcelementcolaire #EquipeDeFrance #Football #mbappe #nonauharcelement
Faced with soaring fuel prices, let's cut taxes!
🚨 A pure scandal: @emmanuelmacron has just succeeded in excluding the definition and criminalisation of rape from the European law on violence against women.
This is a disgrace for our country, France, and a defeat for women’s rights in Europe. Spread the word
Marion Maréchal should be ashamed.
Ashamed of the MPs on her side who photographed little girls on a school trip to the Assembly because they were wearing the veil (which is allowed) before throwing them to the wolves on social media and CNEWS.
And ashamed of confusing Islam
The ecosystem
The figures candidates follow and cite
Who matters to the candidates? For each figure, the number of candidates who follow their account on social media or cite them in their posts since January 2023. Followings recorded in May 2026 on X, Instagram, TikTok, Bluesky and Threads.
Influencers
Public figures outside politics
- 1
Thomas Pesquetpublic figure (astronaut) · 1.3M followers16 candidates: 16 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)Posts citing Thomas Pesquet
ephilippe_lhX
28 April 2024RT @Thom_astro: For reasons beyond our control, Friday’s postcard often ends up arriving on Saturday these days 🤣 …
199 engagementsOpenephilippe_lhX
28 April 2024RT @Thom_astro: Classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its modern architecture, Le Havre, In Normandy 🇫🇷, is unforgettable from Ear…
54 engagementsOpen - 2
Laurent RuquierTV presenter · 547k followers14 candidates: all follow - 3
Kylian Mbappésportsman (footballer) · 17.4M followers13 candidates: all follow - 4
Pierre Nineyactor · 573k followers13 candidates: all follow - 5Camille Etienneenvironmental activist · 61k followers12 candidates: 12 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)
Posts citing Camille Etienne
fhollandeX
17 May 2025Episode 6 of my podcast is available on all platforms! “Commitment today”, a fascinating conversation with @CamilleEtienne_ analysing the new forms of civic engagement in the age of social media. 🔗 https://t.co/di2aeGCilQ https://t.co/AGAYAUtFFQ
59 engagementsOpenfhollandeX
18 May 2025The “NOs” that shook the world: an extract from episode 6 of my podcast with @CamilleEtienne_ 🔗 https://t.co/di2aeGCilQ https://t.co/xzPD9FrnQl
52 engagementsOpen - 6
Jean Massietpolitical streamer (Accropolis) · 96k followers12 candidates: 12 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Jean Massiet
clem_autainX
5 February 2026I will be the political guest on @JeanMassiet’s show @Backseat_fr this Thursday 5 February at 9pm. You can follow it live on Twitch: https://t.co/YB1wWelkaJ https://t.co/MtmbhEuV4K
37 engagementsOpen - 7
Antoine Griezmannfootballer · 8.3M followers11 candidates: 11 follow, 2 cite (5 mentions)Posts citing Antoine Griezmann
elisabeth_borneX
2 August 2024RT @AntoGriezmann: 🚨 MEDAL ALERT 🇫🇷 ! INCREDIBLE ! TRIPLEEEEEEE BMX !!!!!! 🥇 JOJO 🥈SYLVAIN 🥉ROMAIN #AlerteMédaille https://t.c…
10 483 engagementsOpenbrunolemaireX
2 August 2024RT @AntoGriezmann: 🚨 MEDAL ALERT 🇫🇷 ! 🥉 FLOFLO MANAUDOU 🥉 💪🏼 LA BUCHE 💪🏼 #AlerteMédaille https://t.co/uxkchD662I
4 719 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
6 August 2024RT @AntoGriezmann: 🚨MEDAL ALERT 🇫🇷 ! ( 2am 😅) 🥇 KAULI OLYMPIC CHAMPION ! 🥇 🌊 SA VAAAAAAGUE !!!! 🌊 #AlerteMedaille https:/…
3 474 engagementsOpen - 8
Sophia Aramcomedian, columnist (France Inter) · 318k followers11 candidates: 11 follow, 2 cite (3 mentions)Posts citing Sophia Aram
davidlisnardX
7 April 2026A relentless and impeccable demonstration by @SophiaAram
1 947 engagementsOpenxavierbertrandX
30 October 2025I offer my full support to @SophiaAram. The pressure against her show planned in Roubaix is unworthy. I welcome the decision and the courage of @coliseeroubaix, which is not giving in to this intimidation. In the @hautsdefrance, culture will never go hand in hand with censorship.
1 443 engagementsOpendavidlisnardX
21 May 2026RT @SophiaAram: How, in a single article, @LeHuffPost confirms that it is indeed “the rag of the pack”.
1 386 engagementsOpen
Journalists
Presenters, editorialists, reporters
- 1
Apolline de Malherbepresenter (BFMTV/RMC) · 291k followers22 candidates: 21 follow, 9 cite (18 mentions)Posts citing Apolline de Malherbe
villepinX
28 October 2023https://t.co/OAO6MCh7WE Watch the full “Face à Face” interview with @apollineWakeUp - @RMCInfo - @BFMTV - 27 October 2023 https://t.co/BdSRR7CF5O
4 078 engagementsOpenmlp_officielX
21 May 2026Tomorrow at 8.30am I will be the guest of @apollineWakeUp, on the BFMTV and RMC morning show ⤵️ https://t.co/elhiXioPj6
943 engagementsOpenj_bardellaX
1 February 2026This Monday at 8.30am I will be the guest of @apollineWakeUp on BFMTV and RMC. https://t.co/vO9znxcuRn
720 engagementsOpen - 2
Guillaume Daretjournalist (BFMTV, Brussels) · 76k followers21 candidates: 19 follow, 4 cite (5 mentions)Posts citing Guillaume Daret
j_bardellaX
29 April 2026Tonight at 6.50pm I will be the guest of @GuillaumeDaret, live from the European Parliament on BFMTV. https://t.co/j4R9LH2cQv
735 engagementsOpenvillepinX
8 March 2026See you in a moment, 12 noon on @BFMTV with @GuillaumeDaret! https://t.co/0Z6dUyjIsC
401 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
24 May 2025📺 See you tomorrow from 12 noon. I will be the guest of @GuillaumeDaret on @BFMTV. https://t.co/e57xch54Wu
367 engagementsOpen - 3Adrien Gindrehead of the TF1-LCI political desk · 38k followers20 candidates: 17 follow, 7 cite (14 mentions)
Posts citing Adrien Gindre
elisabeth_borneX
28 April 2025📺 See you tomorrow from 7.35am. I will be the guest of @agindre on #BonjourLaMatinaleTF1. https://t.co/So2PuxdHEj
302 engagementsOpenbcazeneuveX
11 June 2025I will be the guest of @agindre on @TF1 at 7.35am tomorrow. https://t.co/zjNQdayV8P
163 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
14 May 2026Join me tomorrow at 7.35am on #EnTouteFranchise with @agindre on @TF1. #BonjourLaMatinaleTF1 https://t.co/IAXp8W7dyH
88 engagementsOpen - 4
Francis Letellierjournalist (France Televisions) · 20k followers20 candidates: 17 follow, 5 cite (5 mentions)Posts citing Francis Letellier
marinetondelierX
13 December 2025🟢 Tomorrow I will be on the set of @DimPolitique at midday! 🎙️ And I will answer questions from Francis @letellier_ftv. https://t.co/sISDG9wtuO
295 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
7 April 2025See you tonight at 7.30pm on “Lundi c’est politique” with @letellier_ftv on @LCP. #LCPol https://t.co/j6CW2mrRYv
96 engagementsOpenlydiemassard1X
4 May 2024RT @juliettemeadel: Tomorrow, Sunday, at midday I will be the guest of @letellier_ftv on @FranceTV to talk about the project of the @ETE_2024 list…
31 engagementsOpen - 5
Léa Salamépresenter (France Inter/France 2) · 285k followers19 candidates: 15 follow, 5 cite (13 mentions)Posts citing Léa Salamé
villepinX
12 September 2024https://t.co/x7Qa0uq3kb Watch the full “Le Grand Entretien” interview with @LeaSalame and @ndemorand on @franceinter - 12 September 2024 https://t.co/b36gFRo3Ht
10 564 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
19 December 2023See you tomorrow at 8.20am. I will be the guest on Le Grand entretien on @franceinter. I will answer questions from @LeaSalame and @ndemorand. #Le79Inter https://t.co/vWx2uKOWlr
1 215 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
5 November 2023See you tomorrow at 8.15am. I will be the guest on Le Grand entretien on @franceinter. I will answer current-affairs questions from @LeaSalame and @ndemorand, then those from listeners. #Le79Inter https://t.co/SFesTjP6FA
840 engagementsOpen - 6
Caroline RouxTV presenter (France Televisions) · 125k followers19 candidates: 17 follow, 3 cite (6 mentions)Posts citing Caroline Roux
François HollandeLeftX
30 May 2024Conflict in the Middle East, war in Ukraine, Europe: tonight I will be the guest of @Caroline_Roux on @LevenementFTV! See you at 8.40pm on France 2. https://t.co/KGZR3ABd6f
128 engagementsOpenvillepinX
22 February 2023https://t.co/JExnosL1be… Watch the full @LevenementFTV programme on @France2tv presented by @Caroline_Roux - 16 February 2023 https://t.co/wyoxA9TLR7
108 engagementsOpenborisvallaudX
23 April 2026I am the guest of @Caroline_Roux on @Cdanslair on France 5. See you at 5.25pm. https://t.co/YS8uainXcO
42 engagementsOpen - 7
Edwy Plenelfounder of Mediapart · 973k followers18 candidates: 18 follow, 7 cite (15 mentions)Posts citing Edwy Plenel
villepinX
18 January 2025L'echappée show with @edwyplenel, 17/01/2025 https://t.co/bfT2nxGed1
3 000 engagementsOpenphilippepoutouX
25 April 2024RT @edwyplenel: Among left-wing figures, @olbesancenot today holds the line that brings together all those who…
2 344 engagementsOpenborisvallaudX
28 April 2026RT @edwyplenel: To the very end, Macronism will have served as a stepping stone for the far right: thanks to the abstention of elected officials from the presidential camp…
1 244 engagementsOpen - 8
Thomas Sottopresenter (RTL/TF1) · 372k followers18 candidates: 13 follow, 8 cite (13 mentions)Posts citing Thomas Sotto
j_bardellaX
28 January 2026This Thursday at 7.40am I will be the guest of @ThomasSotto on RTL. https://t.co/GVJx7RNSft
1 039 engagementsOpenelisabeth_borneX
31 August 2025🎙️ Join me tomorrow from 7.40am on @ThomasSotto’s microphone on @RTLFrance! https://t.co/mu1UWDqLjJ
350 engagementsOpenbcazeneuveX
18 October 2023I was the guest today on @telematin - #Les4V Watch my interview with @ThomasSotto: https://t.co/GoHs8gX89h"
169 engagementsOpen
Experts
Researchers, economists, think tanks
- 1
Jacques Attaliessayist, economist · 238k followers13 candidates: all follow - 2
Gérard Araudformer ambassador, essayist · 164k followers12 candidates: 11 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Gérard Araud
benjam1lucasX
28 February 2026RT @GerardAraud: Europeans are keeping shamefully quiet, or even actually justifying the Israeli-American strikes while pretending to forget t…
445 engagementsOpen - 3
Thomas Porchereconomist · 145k followers12 candidates: all follow - 4
Gabriel Zucmaneconomist (taxation of the ultra-rich) · 125k followers11 candidates: 10 follow, 6 cite (13 mentions)Posts citing Gabriel Zucman
benjam1lucasX
14 October 2025RT @gabriel_zucman: In the finance bill I have just read, everything has been done to spare Bernard Arnault and the billio…
4 103 engagementsOpenClémentine AutainRadical leftX
1 September 2025RT @gabriel_zucman: Good evening Mr @bayrou, I am very surprised by your comments on the minimum tax on the ultra-rich, that is, those with wealth…
2 454 engagementsOpenBoris VallaudLeftX
13 January 2026RT @gabriel_zucman: The comments made today by our former economy minister are edifying: “The Public Finances Directorate…
1 690 engagementsOpen - 5
Dominique Reyniépolitical scientist (Fondapol) · 81k followers11 candidates: 11 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Dominique Reynié
xavierbertrandX
4 April 2025RT @DominiqueReynie: The lack of courage can be read on the faces of these masked young people. In a free country, you do not hide your fa…
1 056 engagementsOpen - 6
Ifop Opinionpolling institute · 63k followers11 candidates: all follow - 7
Ph. Moreau Chevroletpolitical scientist, communications consultant · 21k followers11 candidates: all follow - 8
Raphaël Enthovenphilosopher, essayist · 295k followers10 candidates: 10 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Raphaël Enthoven
davidlisnardX
13 April 2026RT @Enthoven_R: “The lynching of Boualem Sansal in the self-righteous press is a sign of the death throes of a cultural power that, after ha…
1 090 engagementsOpen
Doctors and carers
Healthcare professionals
- 1
Patrick Pellouxemergency physician, columnist (Charlie Hebdo) · 95k followers8 candidates: all follow - 2
Marie Chantraitemergency physician, health trade unionist · 9k followers6 candidates: 6 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Marie Chantrait
mlp_officielX
24 February 2026Join me this Wednesday at 9pm for an interview with @mchantrait and @sophiedupont_ on BFMTV ⤵️ https://t.co/2InWrlUIt7
1 548 engagementsOpen - 3
Didier Raoultinfectious disease specialist · 1.0M followers6 candidates: all follow - 4
Sabrina Ali Benaliemergency physician, health activist · 64k followers6 candidates: all follow - 5
L'Inter-Urgencescollective of emergency carers · 11k followers6 candidates: all follow
Lobbies and civil society
Companies, associations, NGOs, foundations
- 1
Attac Francealter-globalisation campaigning association · 144k followers12 candidates: 10 follow, 5 cite (6 mentions)Posts citing Attac France
Benjamin LucasLeftX
19 September 2025RT @attac_fr: By rejecting the Zucman tax, the RN is aligning itself with Macron and the Medef. From Macron to the RN, when they spare the billionaires,…
820 engagementsOpenfaureolivierX
25 April 2026RT @attac_fr: 40 years ago, the fortune of the richest 0.0001% (the billionaires) was equivalent to 2% of world GDP. To…
794 engagementsOpenSégolène RoyalLeftX
9 July 2025RT @attac_fr: The 2,200 public aid schemes for businesses amount to €211 billion: the State’s biggest budget item, paid out without…
703 engagementsOpen - 2
Oxfam Francecampaigning NGO · 127k followers12 candidates: all follow - 3Fondation pour le Logementcharity (housing, formerly Fondation Abbé Pierre) · 132k followers10 candidates: 9 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)
Posts citing Fondation pour le Logement
François HollandeLeftX
2 April 2026In our country, more than 4 million people are poorly housed. 350,000 people are homeless. Nearly 3 million social housing applications are pending. We have just lived through what the @Fond_Logement describes as a black year. “Housing, at the heart of https://t.co/ufFXnagRet
245 engagementsOpenFrançois HollandeLeftX
3 April 2026“Housing, at the heart of France’s fractures” With @chrstphe_robert, general delegate of the @Fond_Logement 🎧 Listen here: https://t.co/XjskJNFJOD
94 engagementsOpen - 4
Anticoranti-corruption association · 146k followers10 candidates: 9 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Anticor
Lydie MassardLeftX
26 June 2023RT @UDB__: We are worried about the Government’s current excesses, which are scratching our already ailing democracy. @anticor_org, @lessoule…
22 engagementsOpen - 5
Latifa Ibn Ziatenassociation president (fight against radicalisation) · 66k followers9 candidates: all follow - 6
Greenpeace Franceenvironmental NGO · 376k followers8 candidates: 7 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)Posts citing Greenpeace France
Delphine BathoLeftX
28 June 2023RT @laernoes: 1/4 @Disclose_ngo and @greenpeacefr today reveal the government’s schemes to speed up the installation of the termina…
7 engagementsOpenDelphine BathoLeftX
8 October 2023RT @bizimugi: “Climate: where do we stand?” We take stock with @delphinebatho, MP, @jfjulliard, managing director of @greenpeacefr, and @…
5 engagementsOpen - 7
Caisses de grève (Gauche Gaza / Antifasciste)activist collective · 108k followers8 candidates: 7 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Caisses de grève (Gauche Gaza / Antifasciste)
royalsegoleneX
2 May 2025RT @caissesdegreve: 👏 @RoyalSegolene https://t.co/7nicaPFY2B
1 375 engagementsOpen - 8
Denis Olivennesmedia executive (formerly Europe 1, Lagardère) · 61k followers7 candidates: 6 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)Posts citing Denis Olivennes
bcazeneuveX
15 April 2023“Au bonheur des livres” @publicsenat @Dugainmarc @Olivennes the video ✅ https://t.co/Eu6PeUmfFH
112 engagementsOpen
Federations and trade unions
Trade unions, federations, professional bodies
- 1
Laurent Bergertrade unionist (former general secretary of the CFDT) · 40k followers14 candidates: all follow - 2
CGTtrade union confederation · 51k followers12 candidates: 11 follow, 6 cite (8 mentions)Posts citing CGT
clem_autainX
11 April 2026RT @lacgtcommunique: 🚨 URGENT: we need you to save 1 May. 10,000 people have already signed to denounce this forcing through…
396 engagementsOpenfabien_rousselX
2 December 2025Denouncing offshoring and wealth inequality is not a crime! Support for @BinetSophie and the @lacgtcommunique in the face of this attempt to intimidate the trade union movement, at a time when the need for strong popular mobilisation is being felt across the country!
272 engagementsOpenfabien_rousselX
12 September 2025📢 At the @Fetedelhumanite with the railway workers, @lacgtcommunique, @SophieBinet and all those fighting for public services! When we talk about trains that run, rights that advance and struggles that pay off, this is where it happens. Let’s shift the lines! https://t.co/VBEatlHZUR
152 engagementsOpen - 3
Laurence Parisotformer MEDEF president, Ifop vice-president · 54k followers12 candidates: all follow - 4
Sophie Binetgeneral secretary of the CGT · 81k followers11 candidates: 9 follow, 7 cite (14 mentions)Posts citing Sophie Binet
michelbarnierX
25 September 2024Thank you to @BinetSophie and @FHommeril for our discussions today. I listen to and hear your concerns, your demands, your proposals. This is only the beginning of a dialogue that I wish to continue. Compromises are possible. They are necessary for the country to move forward. https://t.co/s0ciyMtlyF
689 engagementsOpenborisvallaudX
9 April 2026RT @BinetSophie: Caught red-handed lying about their wish to make us work on 1 May, the Macronists are bringing out the oars…
449 engagementsOpenfabien_rousselX
16 September 2025RT @BinetSophie: The people of Gaza have lived through another night of terror. Stop. An immediate ceasefire must come into force and sanct…
404 engagementsOpen - 5
MEDEFemployers’ organisation · 56k followers10 candidates: 8 follow, 4 cite (4 mentions)Posts citing MEDEF
Gérald DarmaninCentre rightX
27 August 2025Before the entrepreneurs of France gathered by @medef to introduce the “mock trial of entrepreneurship”. I stressed the need for regulatory stability and the simplification my ministry is delivering to support the growth of our businesses and of our https://t.co/x0yralIG4l
210 engagementsOpenGabriel AttalCentreX
29 August 2025RT @ValerieHayer: At #LaREF25 of the @medef, @GabrielAttal recalls one of our great challenges: preventing France and Europe from being a colon…
119 engagementsOpenbrunolemaireX
20 June 2024RT @medef: Hearings - Legislative Elections | 20 June https://t.co/YI4UNSnS0M
38 engagementsOpen - 6
Confederation Paysannefarmers’ union · 44k followers10 candidates: 10 follow, 2 cite (4 mentions)Posts citing Confederation Paysanne
Lydie MassardLeftX
7 February 2024RT @ConfPaysanne: #Lactalis: the @ConfPaysanne relentlessly fights the predators of the value of farm incomes. Our press release…
202 engagementsOpenmarinetondelierX
9 January 2026This brutal repression of peaceful demonstrations is unbearable, but unfortunately it too has become commonplace. It must stop, and the spokespeople of the @ConfPaysanne must be released as soon as possible. All my support to them in this deeply unequal struggle.
104 engagementsOpenLydie MassardLeftX
21 March 2024RT @Fr_Bechieau: With the @ConfPaysanne, in front of the #Senat, to say No to #CETA and to free trade that is killing the farming world, agricultu…
21 engagementsOpen - 7
Marylise Léontrade unionist (general secretary of the CFDT) · 10k followers10 candidates: 10 follow, 2 cite (2 mentions)Posts citing Marylise Léon
michelbarnierX
24 September 2024Dear @MaryliseLeon, dear @PatrickMartin_1, thank you for our discussions this afternoon. It was important for me to listen to you. And I will continue in the coming days with the other social partners. Dialogue and trust. That is how we will https://t.co/giKy3eckw2
748 engagementsOpendelphinebathoX
4 March 2024RT @MaryliseLeon: Historic vote. Immense joy at the announcement of the results. It feels so good to share it and live it together! #IV…
43 engagementsOpen - 8
AMF (Assoc. des Maires de France)association of local elected officials · 40k followers8 candidates: 7 follow, 4 cite (7 mentions)Posts citing AMF (Assoc. des Maires de France)
Elisabeth BorneCentreX
13 June 2025The Republic’s school system is built day after day, in every area. Because school is a collective project, I have signed a first-of-its-kind agreement to establish a framework of dialogue, trust and joint action with the mayors of @l_amf. To better anticipate the map https://t.co/X2aDDKoju2
368 engagementsOpenElisabeth BorneCentreX
28 February 2025Constructive discussions today with @FLeturque, chair of the education commission of @l_amf, on defining a new way of working between local elected officials and the Education Ministry to better prepare and anticipate the school map each year. Elected of a https://t.co/2p7l8dKCRK
73 engagementsOpenfabien_rousselX
17 November 2025@l_amf Congress: the stakes for our municipalities are IMMENSE. We do not want a new raid on local authority budgets, no to the €7.5 billion of savings planned in the 2026 budget! I will be there from tomorrow to meet all the elected officials!
61 engagementsOpen
The organisations cited
Companies, media and institutions in the candidates’ mouths
The most cited companies, media and organisations
Number of candidate posts citing them since January 2023, based on the sector study lexicons, with the candidates who cite them most.











Those who are fading
The big losers of the online campaign
Those who are fading
Figures the candidates cited in 2023 and now barely cite: change in their share of citations from 2023 to 2025-2026 (relative to each year’s volume of posts).
Ministère de l'Économieministry23242526-98 %
Gouvernement françaisofficial government account23242526-98 %
Fédération Française de Rugbysports federation23242526-84 %
Léa Salamépresenter (France Inter/France 2)23242526-73 %
L'Opinionnewspaper23242526-67 %
Le Mondenewspaper23242526-64 %
France Interpublic radio23242526-15 %
Social media and Parliament
Online speech versus parliamentary work
What they say, what they table
On the left, each topic’s weight in the social media posts of the 34 candidates (January 2023 to June 2026). On the right, its weight in the parliamentary initiatives of the 15 candidates who sat in the National Assembly or the Senate (2023 to 2026). Each side is read out of 100% of its 14 topics.
The signature topic, on social media and in Parliament
For each candidate who has held a seat, their number one topic in their posts and their number one topic in their parliamentary initiatives.
| Candidate | No. 1 on social media | No. 1 in Parliament | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benjamin Lucas | Institutions & democracy 17% of their posts | Economy & employment 16 initiatives out of 72 | Different priorities |
| Boris Vallaud | Institutions & democracy 10% of their posts | Health 34 initiatives out of 105 | Different priorities |
| Bruno Retailleau | Security & justice 17% of their posts | Institutions & democracy 8 initiatives out of 21 | Different priorities |
| Clémentine Autain | Institutions & democracy 8% of their posts | Health 15 initiatives out of 60 | Different priorities |
| Delphine Batho | Health 18% of their posts | Health 28 initiatives out of 102 | Same priority |
| Fabien Roussel | International & defence 11% of their posts | Economy & employment 10 initiatives out of 35 | Different priorities |
| François Hollande | International & defence 14% of their posts | Economy & employment 5 initiatives out of 17 | Different priorities |
| François Ruffin | Economy & employment 10% of their posts | Economy & employment 64 initiatives out of 135 | Same priority |
| Gabriel Attal | Education & youth 9% of their posts | Security & justice 3 initiatives out of 6 | Different priorities |
| Gérald Darmanin | Security & justice 46% of their posts | Economy & employment 1 initiative out of 3 | Different priorities |
| Jordan Bardella | Immigration & identity 11% of their posts | Europe & sovereignty 55 initiatives out of 256 | Different priorities |
| Jérôme Guedj | Health 12% of their posts | Health 71 initiatives out of 204 | Same priority |
| Marine Le Pen | Institutions & democracy 9% of their posts | Security & justice 16 initiatives out of 55 | Different priorities |
| Michel Barnier | Europe & sovereignty 9% of their posts | Health 5 initiatives out of 17 | Different priorities |
| Nicolas Dupont-Aignan | International & defence 12% of their posts | Health 13 initiatives out of 36 | Different priorities |
| Olivier Faure | International & defence 11% of their posts | International & defence 13 initiatives out of 54 | Same priority |
| Raphaël Glucksmann | International & defence 28% of their posts | International & defence 65 initiatives out of 175 | Same priority |
In Parliament
Questions, private members’ bills, amendments and explanations of vote since 2023
Health, discreet online, dominates in Parliament
It accounts for 6% of social media posts but 18% of parliamentary initiatives, the top topic ahead of economy and employment (16%).
Security, international affairs, institutions: strong online, weaker in the chamber
These three topics make up 46% of online speech and 21% of parliamentary initiatives.
Priorities that change ground
12 of 17 candidates do not have the same number one topic on social media and in Parliament.
A little over half have held a seat
19 held a mandate as MP, senator or MEP between 2023 and 2026. The other 15 have no parliamentary activity to measure.
National Assembly and Senate
Own initiatives of the candidates who sat as MP or senator between 2023 and 2026. Volumes depend on the length of the mandate, shown in the table below.
| Purchasing power | Economy & employment | Pensions | Health | Security & justice | Immigration & identity | Environment & energy | Education & youth | International & defence | Europe & sovereignty | Institutions & democracy | Agriculture & rural affairs | Housing | Digital & AI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jérôme Guedj204 initiatives | 14 | 30 | 13 | 71 | 22 | 15 | 26 | 37 | 20 | 7 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 6 |
| François Ruffin135 initiatives | 9 | 64 | 6 | 32 | 17 | 3 | 14 | 15 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 7 | · | 4 |
| Boris Vallaud105 initiatives | 11 | 25 | 11 | 34 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 2 |
| Delphine Batho102 initiatives | 11 | 12 | 5 | 28 | 6 | · | 25 | 5 | · | 3 | 7 | 26 | 6 | 3 |
| Benjamin Lucas72 initiatives | 4 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 2 | · | 15 | 4 | 4 | · |
| Clémentine Autain60 initiatives | 2 | 13 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 4 | · |
| Marine Le Pen55 initiatives | 4 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 2 | · |
| Olivier Faure54 initiatives | 7 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Nicolas Dupont-Aignan36 initiatives | 4 | 7 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | · | · |
| Fabien Roussel35 initiatives | 7 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 3 | · | 4 | 3 | 1 | · | 2 | · | 4 | · |
| Bruno Retailleau21 initiatives | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | 7 | 3 | 2 | · | 4 | 1 | 8 | · | · | · |
| François Hollande17 initiatives | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | · | 2 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| Michel Barnier17 initiatives | · | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | · | · | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | · | · | 1 |
| Gabriel Attal6 initiatives | · | · | · | · | 3 | 1 | · | 1 | 2 | · | 1 | · | · | · |
| Gérald Darmanin3 initiatives | · | 1 | · | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
Figure = number of distinct initiatives on the topic (a question, a private member’s bill, or an amended bill regardless of the number of amendments). Intensity = the topic’s weight in the candidate’s activity. Circled cell = their number one topic.
European Parliament
Jordan Bardella and Raphaël Glucksmann, MEPs throughout the period. Shown in a separate table: an explanation of vote counts as a single vote.
| Purchasing power | Economy & employment | Pensions | Health | Security & justice | Immigration & identity | Environment & energy | Education & youth | International & defence | Europe & sovereignty | Institutions & democracy | Agriculture & rural affairs | Housing | Digital & AI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jordan Bardella256 initiatives | 13 | 46 | 1 | 21 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 15 | 28 | 55 | 30 | 18 | · | 3 |
| Raphaël Glucksmann175 initiatives | 5 | 22 | · | 4 | 23 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 65 | 21 | 39 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Figure = number of distinct initiatives on the topic (a question, a private member’s bill, or an amended bill regardless of the number of amendments). Intensity = the topic’s weight in the candidate’s activity. Circled cell = their number one topic.
The candidates at a glance
Mandate since 2023, volume, main topics, link to each profile
| Candidate | Assembly | Years in office | Own initiatives | Government bills signed as minister | Three main topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jérôme Guedj | MP | 3,65 | 204 | - | HealthEducation & youthEconomy & employment |
| François Ruffin | MP | 3,12 | 135 | - | Economy & employmentHealthSecurity & justice |
| Boris Vallaud | MP | 3,12 | 105 | - | HealthEconomy & employmentEducation & youth |
| Delphine Batho | MP | 3,12 | 102 | - | HealthAgriculture & rural affairsEnvironment & energy |
| Benjamin Lucas | MP | 3,65 | 72 | - | Economy & employmentInstitutions & democracyEducation & youth |
| Clémentine Autain | MP | 3,14 | 60 | - | HealthEducation & youthEconomy & employment |
| Marine Le Pen | MP | 3,14 | 55 | - | Security & justiceEnvironment & energyImmigration & identity |
| Olivier Faure | MP | 3,14 | 54 | - | International & defenceEconomy & employmentPensions |
| Nicolas Dupont-Aignan | MP | 0,91 | 36 | - | HealthEconomy & employmentEnvironment & energy |
| Fabien Roussel | MP | 0,91 | 35 | - | Economy & employmentHealthPurchasing power |
| François Hollande | MP | 2,21 | 17 | - | Economy & employmentPurchasing powerPensions |
| Michel Barnier | MP | 0,99 | 17 | 13 | HealthInternational & defenceSecurity & justice |
| Bruno Retailleau | Senator | 1,8 | 21 | 1 | Institutions & democracySecurity & justiceInternational & defence |
| Jordan Bardella | MEP | 3,73 | 256 | - | Europe & sovereigntyEconomy & employmentInstitutions & democracy |
| Raphaël Glucksmann | MEP | 3,73 | 175 | - | International & defenceInstitutions & democracySecurity & justice |
| Gabriel Attal | Government | 1,77 | 6 | 25 | Security & justiceInternational & defenceImmigration & identity |
| Gérald Darmanin | Government | 0,1 | 3 | 18 | Economy & employmentHealthEducation & youth |
| Bruno Le Maire | Government | - | 0 | 40 | government bills |
| Elisabeth Borne | Government | 3,2 | 0 | 78 | government bills |
Click a name to open their profile, or a column header to sort. European Parliament volumes cannot be compared with those of the National Assembly: an explanation of vote counts as one vote.
No mandate since 2023
15 figures have not sat in any assembly since January 2023: their voice is measured on social media.
The candidate profiles
What their texts show since 2023, topic by topic
Jérôme Guedj
MP 3.65 years
With 2,373 texts tabled between 2023 and 2026, in the National Assembly only, Jérôme Guedj shows an exceptional volume of activity, more than 85% of it concentrated on amendments and written questions tabled as author, mainly on the Social Security financing bills (health, pensions, economy and employment, purchasing power). He is the direct author of only two private members’ bills (the shared-initiative referendum against raising the retirement age to 64, and the creation of a Defender of secularism) and co-signs all the others in large numbers, which points to a profile of intensive scrutiny of the government on social and health policy rather than the role of an initiator of major legislation.
Guedj exercises intensive scrutiny of health policy through 963 amendments and 60 written questions tabled as author. His amendments relate first to the Social Security financing bills (348 on the 2024 PLFSS, 308 on the Bien Vieillir law, 151 on the 2025 PLFSS, 74 on the 2026 PLFSS) and aim to counter savings measures (capping alcohol taxation, contribution exemptions) or to strengthen funding (topping up the hospital ONDAM, funding the autonomy branch). His written questions denounce medical deserts, the crisis in care homes (EHPAD) and psychiatry, medicine shortages and malnutrition in care facilities. He co-signs numerous bills on mental health, wheelchairs and end of life, without being their author.
Guedj defends secularism in schools through a question to the government, and questions the ministry on school health services, the abolition of local preparatory classes and the schooling of non-French-speaking pupils. He co-signs numerous bills on child protection (a lawyer for the child in educational assistance, support for young people leaving child welfare), the regulation of private for-profit nurseries, and the introduction of a €1 meal for all students.
- Question to the government on defending secularism in schools 2024-03
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill introducing a €1 meal for all students 2024-09
- Question on budget cuts targeting local preparatory classes 2023-12
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill on emergency measures against private for-profit nurseries 2024-10
Guedj co-signs several tax justice bills (taxes on private jets, superyachts and cruise ships, tabled and re-tabled between 2023 and 2025), as well as texts to make permanent and extend the Territoires zéro chômeur de longue durée scheme and to combat the uberisation of the medico-social sector. His 485 amendments as author relate mainly to the successive PLFSS, where he opposes social contribution exemptions on profit-sharing, employee participation schemes and overtime, which he considers costly for Social Security. His written questions also cover reindustrialisation and industrial sovereignty (electric batteries, chemicals, the space sector).
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill introducing a tax on private jets 2023-05
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill to make Territoires zéro chômeur de longue durée permanent 2025-04
- Question on the criteria of the national reindustrialisation strategy 2025-06
- 2024 PLFSS amendment to guarantee the retention of beds funded by the Ségur 2023-10
Guedj questions the government on adaptation to climate change (repeated droughts, forest fires, coastal erosion, heatwaves), on regulating the siting of data centres in his Essonne constituency, and on the privatisation of groundwater by Coca-Cola in Grigny. He co-signs European draft resolutions against the renewal of the glyphosate authorisation and against the deregulation of new GMOs, as well as a bill against the overcharging of electricity prices.
Guedj multiplies written questions on insecurity in his constituency (urban rodeos, illegal vehicle stripping, brawls between young people in Essonne) and on failings in the justice system, notably prison overcrowding condemned by the European Court of Human Rights. He co-signs several bills to combat sexual and intrafamilial violence (creation of a specific offence of incest, tackling online child sexual abuse) and to compensate victims of chlordecone.
Guedj questions the government on many international issues: military support for Ukraine, the humanitarian situation in Gaza and the coverage of Palestinians, the withdrawal of French troops from the Sahel, and the safety of French military personnel and aid workers on operations abroad. He co-signs a resolution on relaunching the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and another on using frozen Russian assets for Ukraine’s reconstruction.
Guedj is the author of a constitutional bill creating a Defender of secularism. He tables 37 amendments as author, notably on the constitutional bill to enshrine Social Security in the Constitution, to write in the principle of universality and to limit the use of article 49, paragraph 3, on financial texts. He co-signs an organic bill to introduce proportional representation in legislative elections, and questions the government on postponing the date of the 2026 municipal elections.
- Author of a constitutional private member’s bill creating a Defender of secularism 2025-10
- Co-signatory of an organic private member’s bill introducing proportional representation in legislative elections 2025-10
- Question on the date of the next municipal elections 2024-06
- Amendment to enshrine the principle of universality of Social Security in the Constitution 2024-05
Guedj co-signs a bill to repeal the national preference measures of the 2023 Immigration Act, and a resolution calling for a commission of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements for people in a migration situation. A significant part of his activity on this topic concerns secularism: a question to the government for the 120th anniversary of the 1905 law, an oral question calling for a dedicated public policy, and written questions on the absence of sanctions for breaches of secularism and of meetings of the dedicated interministerial committee. His written questions also flag residence permit processing delays at the Essonne prefecture.
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill repealing the national preference measures of the Immigration Act 2024-01
- Question to the government for the 120th anniversary of the 1905 law 2025-12
- Co-signatory of a resolution calling for a commission of inquiry into the Le Touquet agreements 2024-03
- Warning on worsening residence permit processing times in Essonne 2025-01
Guedj co-signs several bills against the cost of living, notably in the overseas territories, to reduce food prices and to create Zero Hunger Territories in the face of food insecurity. His 142 amendments as author relate mainly to the 2025 and 2026 PLFSS, where he defends a targeted cut in the CSG on earned income between 1 and 1.4 times the minimum wage (SMIC) and opposes the reduction of certain social exemptions on meal vouchers and holiday vouchers. His written questions denounce poverty and extreme poverty in France as well as the price of braille books.
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill creating Zero Hunger Territories 2024-01
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill on emergency measures against the cost of living in the overseas territories 2024-10
- Warning on the lack of action against poverty and extreme poverty 2023-07
- 2026 PLFSS amendment for a targeted cut in the CSG on low wages 2025-10
Guedj opposes the 2023 pension reform: he is the author of a referendum bill (article 11 of the Constitution) to keep the legal age at 62, and co-signs two bills to repeal the raising of the age to 64. He tables 634 amendments as author, including 574 on the 2023 supplementary Social Security financing bill that carried the reform, seeking in particular to protect the special schemes (RATP) and not to raise contributions for civil servants in active-duty categories. On the following PLFSS, he proposes financing the system differently, by taxing capital and superprofits rather than by pushing back the retirement age.
Guedj co-signs bills against rental speculation in high-demand areas, against fraudulent notices to quit, and to speed up the energy renovation of housing. His written questions denounce corruption in the allocation of social housing and call for the abolition of the solidarity rent reduction (RLS) for social landlords.
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill on emergency measures against rental speculation 2023-02
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill against fraudulent notices to quit 2024-03
- Question calling for the abolition of the RLS for social landlords 2025-01
- Warning on corruption networks in the allocation of social housing 2026-06
Guedj mainly co-signs European draft resolutions (16 of the 31 texts on the topic): against glyphosate and new genetically modified organisms, for a European wealth tax, against the EU-US tariff agreement of 27 July 2025. His written questions concern the European Union’s enlargement negotiations with Georgia and Armenia.
Guedj co-signs bills on farm income and the sharing of value in the agri-food chain, on farmers’ mental health, and on the obligation to display the Nutri-Score. His written questions concern the handling of avian flu in Essonne and the shortage of food donations.
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill on farm income and the sharing of value 2024-03
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill to protect farmers’ mental health 2025-10
- Co-signatory of a private member’s bill making Nutri-Score labelling mandatory 2025-07
- Question on the handling of the avian flu outbreak in Essonne 2023-04
On a small volume, Guedj co-signs a European resolution calling for full application of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and another on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse. His written questions concern fibre optic failures in Wissous and the postponement to 2027 of digital accessibility for public websites. One text classified under this topic (residence permit processing times) actually has no connection with digital matters, see erreurs_classement.
- Co-signatory of a resolution calling for full application of the European Digital Services Act 2025-02
- Question on the postponement to 2027 of digital accessibility for public websites 2023-01
- Warning on failures in the fibre optic rollout in Wissous 2026-07
- Co-signatory of a resolution on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse 2025-09
François Ruffin
MP 3.12 years
A highly prolific MP since 2023 (1,487 texts recorded, excluding 24,719 undetailed amendment co-signatures), most of it devoted to opposing the 2023 pension reform (more than 770 amendments to the supplementary financing bill) and to scrutinising the government through hundreds of written questions on factory closures and the taxation of the wealthiest. He co-signs a very large number of bills and resolutions from the parliamentary left, notably on sexist and sexual violence, democratic institutions and opposition to European free trade agreements.
He multiplies written questions to alert the government to industrial closures and offshoring (Tereos, Verallia, Metex, Valeo, Orange Bank, Prysmian-Draka, Auchan, Watts) and to tax evasion by the wealthiest (holding companies, tax fraud, name and shame). He co-signs many bills to tax superprofits, reinstate the wealth tax, cap executive pay in companies and protect subcontractors and employees against stock-market-driven redundancies.
- Written question on Verallia’s profits at the expense of independent brewers 2023-04
- Written question on redundancies at Orange Bank despite shareholder profits 2023-12
- Co-signed private member’s bill to reinstate and strengthen the wealth tax 2024-05
- Written question on the State’s absence in the Prysmian-Draka case 2024-03
He tables many amendments and written questions on public hospitals, medical deserts and disability care (AESH, wheelchairs, home help). He co-signs bills for a public pharmaceutical hub, against medical deductibles and for the reimbursement of care, as well as a draft resolution on sexist and sexual violence in the medical sector.
He co-signs a large number of commissions of inquiry and bills on sexist and sexual violence (femicides, incest, cinema, sport, the medical sector) and on victim protection. In December 2025 he authored a bill to reform protection orders for women victims of domestic violence. He also questions the government on public order policing and the use of police surveillance technology (Briefcam software).
He regularly questions the government on priority education (REP+ classification) and the working conditions of AESH and ATSEM staff. He co-signs bills on pre-recruitment of teachers and educational continuity, and opposes, through amendments, cuts in funding for ATSEM and the Pass'Sport in the 2025 and 2026 budgets.
He questions the government on rising energy prices (electricity up 45% in three years) and on the future of sensitive industrial sites (Fret SNCF). He co-signs bills and resolutions to protect drinking water and against shale gas, and for commissions of inquiry into the Stocamine nuclear waste.
He co-signs numerous constitutional bills (citizens’ initiative referendum, full proportional representation, voting rights for foreigners in local elections) and commissions of inquiry into the functioning of democracy. In September 2025 he authored a draft resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to begin impeachment proceedings against the President of the Republic.
- Draft resolution (author) to convene Parliament as a High Court and remove the President 2025-09
- Co-signed private member’s bill to introduce full proportional representation in legislative elections 2024-04
- Co-signed private member’s bill for a constitutional citizens’ initiative referendum 2023-11
- Co-signed private member’s bill for a deliberative citizens’ initiative referendum 2025-11
He co-signs bills to index wages to inflation, freeze the price of the Navigo pass, and regulate agri-food margins through minimum prices. He questions the government on the cost of living in the overseas territories and rising fuel prices.
He repeatedly opposes European free trade agreements (Mercosur, New Zealand, the EU-US tariff agreement), through questions to the government, written questions and draft resolutions, including one he authored calling for a referral to the Court of Justice of the European Union against Mercosur. He defends moratoria on new trade agreements and farm protection measures.
He questions the government on farmers’ incomes and the demand for minimum prices, and co-signs bills and resolutions for a moratorium on mega-reservoirs, a ban on neonicotinoids/acetamiprid and the repeal of the Duplomb law.
He is squarely opposed to the 2023 pension reform: more than 770 amendments tabled to the supplementary Social Security financing bill, calling in particular for minimum pensions to be raised to €1,500 and for an exceptional levy on superprofits to fund the system. He is also the author of a bill to prohibit any postponement of the legal retirement age beyond 62. He questions the government on concrete cases affected by the reform (firefighters, civil-partnered couples denied survivor’s pensions).
- Private member’s bill to prohibit any postponement of the legal retirement age beyond 62 2023-03
- Amendment to the 2023 PLFRSS for an exceptional levy on superprofits to fund pensions 2023-02
- Written question on the lack of recognition of volunteer firefighters for their retirement 2025-10
- Written question on the survivor’s pension denied to civil-partnered couples 2026-05
He co-signs draft resolutions for the recognition of the State of Palestine, a commission of inquiry into French complicity in Gaza, and the suspension of the EU-Israel association agreement. He also co-signs reparation texts for the harkis and for repatriates from Indochina.
He questions the government on the excesses of the X platform and co-signs resolutions on personal data protection and French digital sovereignty. He warns of the consequences of AI for jobs in call centres (the Teleperformance/Velsia case).
He opposes provisions of the January 2024 Immigration Act through a co-signed bill to repeal two of its articles, and questions the government on the malfunctions of the Anef digital platform for foreign nationals. He also co-signs a resolution for political asylum for Julian Assange.
He co-signs bills to protect tenants against rising rents and service charges, to requisition vacant homes, and to guarantee the right to housing at constitutional level.
Boris Vallaud
MP 3.12 years
Boris Vallaud is one of the most active MPs of the parliamentary term (644 texts recorded over the period, more than 10,700 amendment co-signatures), with a profile dominated by scrutiny of the government in the chamber and by serial opposition to government texts on immigration and pensions, complemented by bills he carries himself as author (retirement age, the cost of living in the overseas territories, pay gaps, taxation of windfall profits, a European wealth tax). He also co-signs large numbers of texts from his group outside the 14 topics classified here (36 texts), notably on child protection and recognition of colonial memory (the massacre of 17 October 1961, repeal of the Code noir).
Boris Vallaud frequently questions the government through written questions on mental health (children, psychiatry, restraint), disability and accessibility, care for older people and the operation of private concierge services in public hospitals. He co-signs many cross-party bills against medical deserts and on mental health, as well as a text on end-of-life care and draft resolutions calling for commissions of inquiry into mental health and disability. He tables few amendments on this topic, mainly on the coverage of spa treatments under the 2025 PLFSS.
- written question on the mental health of children and young people 2023-12
- co-signature of a private member’s bill setting out ten measures for mental health 2023-10
- co-signature of a cross-party private member’s bill against medical deserts 2023-01
- co-signature of a private member’s bill on supporting patients and end-of-life care 2024-09
- written question on access to Repatha treatment for hypercholesterolaemia 2026-01
Boris Vallaud co-signs bills taxing private jets, superyachts and cruise ships, re-tabled several times over two parliamentary terms, and is the author of a European draft resolution for a wealth tax. He tables amendments to tax super-dividends and introduce a 2% minimum levy on wealth (the “Zucman” tax), and opposes by amendment the conditionality of the RSA and the creation of France Travail in the Full Employment Act. He also regularly questions the government through written questions on sector-specific issues (apprenticeships, crafts, cleaning companies, the IFER tax).
- European draft resolution (author) for a European wealth tax 2024-04
- amendment introducing a 2% minimum levy on large fortunes (Zucman) 2025-10
- amendment opposing the automatic registration of RSA recipients on the jobseekers’ list 2023-09
- co-signature of a private member’s bill taxing the use of private jets 2023-05
- co-signature of a private member’s bill taxing superyachts 2023-05
Boris Vallaud co-signs a large number of bills on schools and youth: €1 meals for students, social and school mixing, protection of children in private for-profit nurseries, regulation of for-profit private higher education, and the right to a lawyer for children in educational assistance. He tables amendments, including eleven on the 2026 finance bill, to raise student housing benefit (APL) and prevent the exclusion of non-EU students from this support. He questions the government through written questions on access to higher education, tuition fees for foreign students and the non-replacement of absent teachers.
- co-signature of a private member’s bill introducing a €1 meal for all students 2024-09
- co-signature of a private member’s bill making the €1 meal accessible to all students 2024-10
- co-signature of a private member’s bill on emergency measures for private for-profit nurseries 2024-10
- written question on tuition fees for non-EU students 2024-11
- amendment (series of 11, 2026 finance bill) raising student APL 2025-10
Boris Vallaud questions the government through written questions on the health and climate crises affecting the farming sectors in his constituency (avian flu, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, downy mildew, Asian hornet, working equine sector). He co-signs cross-party bills on the sharing of value in the agri-food chain and on farm income, as well as European resolutions on sustainable fishing. In the chamber, he alerts the government to the agricultural emergency caused by the heatwave and collapsing yields.
- written question on the vaccination strategy against avian flu 2023-02
- written question on support for the working equine sector 2023-10
- co-signature of a private member’s bill to share value and reconcile the farming world with society 2025-12
- intervention on the agricultural emergency caused by the heatwave 2026-07
Boris Vallaud is the author of two bills, one to prohibit any postponement of the legal age beyond 62 and the other to repeal the increase to 64 decided by the government in 2023. He tables a massive series of 56 amendments on the repeal bill, then dozens more on the 2025 and 2026 Social Security financing bills to restore the retirement age of 62 and cancel the acceleration of the contribution period. In the chamber, he calls for the reform to be suspended and denounces the failure of the “conclave” between social partners. The profile therefore combines an offensive bill with systematic opposition, through amendments, to the government’s budget texts.
- private member’s bill (author) prohibiting setting the legal retirement age beyond 62 2023-03
- private member’s bill repealing the increase of the legal age from 62 to 64 2023-04
- amendment (series of 56) to obtain a vote of the Assembly on the pension reform 2023-06
- amendment (series of 10, 2025 PLFSS) repealing the increase to 64 2024-10
- intervention calling for the suspension of the pension reform 2025-10
Boris Vallaud is the author of a bill on emergency measures against the cost of living and economic concentration in the overseas territories, and co-signs texts creating “Zero Hunger Territories” to tackle food insecurity as well as a bill against the overcharging of electricity. He tables amendments to create an exceptional year-end allowance for single parents below the poverty line and to raise APL. He questions the government through written questions on price display, pay rises for staff and poverty reduction.
- private member’s bill on emergency measures against the cost of living in the overseas territories 2024-10
- co-signature of a private member’s bill creating Zero Hunger Territories 2024-01
- amendment creating an exceptional year-end allowance for poor single parents 2023-11
- written question on the poverty reduction target 2025-06
Boris Vallaud speaks in questions to the government on landmark events of the period (the death of Nahel during a police stop, the Arras attack, the conviction of Marine Le Pen, a case of violence against a child) without tabling a text of his own on these subjects. He co-signs bills strengthening the protection of victims of sexual and sexist violence and creating a specific offence of incest, as well as draft resolutions for commissions of inquiry into the judicial handling of intrafamilial sexual violence.
Boris Vallaud co-signs bills and European resolutions on the energy renovation of housing, environmental and health requirements for imports, and adaptation to climate change through insurance mechanisms. He also co-signs a bill against the overcharging of electricity prices. His written questions mainly concern local pests and pollution (Asian hornet, biowaste, vehicle roadworthiness testing).
- written question on the organic recovery of biowaste 2023-03
- co-signature of a private member’s bill against the overcharging of electricity prices 2024-01
- co-signature of a European resolution on environmental and health import requirements 2024-09
- co-signature of a private member’s bill on adaptation to climate change and insurance mechanisms 2025-10
Boris Vallaud is the author of a draft resolution calling for the relaunch of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. He co-signs resolutions calling for the Wagner Group to be placed on the list of terrorist organisations and for a binding treaty on autonomous weapons systems, as well as a bill banning commercial relations linked to the colonisation of the occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories. In questions to the government, he speaks on the situation in Ukraine and Lebanon.
- draft resolution (author) to relaunch the Israeli-Palestinian peace process 2023-05
- intervention on the situation in Ukraine 2023-02
- intervention on the situation in Lebanon 2026-06
- co-signature of a private member’s bill banning commercial relations linked to colonisation in Palestine and the Golan 2026-07
Boris Vallaud fights the bill to control immigration and improve integration adopted at the end of 2023 head-on: he tables 237 amendments on the text, most of them rejected, ruled inadmissible or marked “to be discussed”, seeking in particular to remove the provisions on automatically informing social bodies in the event of a removal order or on house arrest for asylum seekers deemed threatening. He speaks in the chamber against the text, which he calls a “political and moral bankruptcy”, and against the vocabulary of “submersion” taken up by the far right. He also co-signs texts to repeal the national preference introduced by the Immigration Act, to investigate the Le Touquet agreements and to seize frozen foreign sovereign assets. He also questions the government on one-off issues (delays in issuing identity documents, the detention of a French publisher in the United Kingdom).
- written question on delays in issuing identity documents 2023-01
- chamber intervention against the immigration bill 2023-12
- amendment (series of 237) removing the automatic information of social bodies in the event of removal 2023-12
- intervention against the word “submersion” taken up by the far right 2025-01
- co-signature of a private member’s bill repealing the national preference of the Immigration Act 2024-01
On the genuinely institutional texts in the section (some of the 15 texts in fact belong to other topics, see erreurs_classement), Boris Vallaud co-signs a constitutional bill strengthening Parliament’s power over presidential appointments, a text on the ethical obligations of members of the Constitutional Council, and a constitutional revision reserving amendment of the Constitution to the procedure of article 89. In questions to the government, he criticises the “special law” procedure adopted for lack of a budget and denounces the Duplomb bill as the product of collusion within the “common base”.
- co-signature of a constitutional private member’s bill strengthening Parliament’s power over presidential appointments 2023-07
- co-signature of an organic private member’s bill on the ethical obligations of the Constitutional Council 2025-03
- intervention criticising the use of the special law 2025-12
- intervention criticising the Duplomb bill and the “common base” 2025-05
Boris Vallaud co-signs bills against rental speculation in high-demand areas, against fraudulent notices to quit, and for the protection of unaccompanied minors and the fight against homelessness. He tables amendments, notably on the 2026 finance bill, to maintain non-EU students’ eligibility for housing benefit. His written questions concern local schemes (cold-weather reserve funds, council tax exemptions for childminder homes).
- co-signature of a private member’s bill on emergency measures against rental speculation 2023-02
- co-signature of a private member’s bill against fraudulent notices to quit 2024-03
- amendment removing the exclusion of non-EU students from APL (2026 finance bill) 2025-10
- co-signature of a private member’s bill protecting unaccompanied minors and fighting homelessness 2025-10
On a small number of texts, Boris Vallaud co-signs European resolutions against digital addiction among children, for the application of the European Digital Services Act, and on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse, as well as a bill strengthening the criminal framework for the latter. His two written questions concern the digitisation of administrative procedures and digital accessibility for the visually impaired.
- written question on the consequences of the digitisation of administrative procedures 2023-02
- co-signature of a European resolution against digital addiction among children 2024-05
- co-signature of a resolution recalling the urgency of applying the European Digital Services Act 2025-02
- co-signature of a private member’s bill strengthening the criminal framework on online child sexual abuse 2026-04
Boris Vallaud is the author of a European draft resolution for a European wealth tax. He co-signs in large numbers European resolutions carried by his group: creation of a European sea rescue fleet, financing of European Union defence spending backed by a levy on high earners, application of the European Digital Services Act, sustainable fishing, scientific research and opposition to the deregulation of new GMOs.
- European draft resolution (author) for a European wealth tax 2024-04
- co-signature of a European resolution creating a sea rescue fleet 2024-04
- co-signature of a resolution on financing EU defence spending and levying high earners 2025-03
- co-signature of a resolution recalling the urgency of applying the European Digital Services Act 2025-02
Delphine Batho
MP 3.12 years
Considerable parliamentary activity (767 texts recorded over the period, plus 3,539 undetailed amendment co-signatures), three-quarters of it concentrated on agriculture and the environment (529 and 125 texts): she tables hundreds of amendments, often in massive series, to fight texts that relax the rules on pesticides, irrigation or aerial spraying (including the so-called “Duplomb” law), while herself carrying several bills (a ban on neonicotinoids, a moratorium on agricultural water storage, an end to shale gas, a ban on digital and illuminated advertising). The rest of her mandate is split between very sustained scrutiny of the government through written questions, often rooted in her Deux-Sèvres constituency (health, housing, purchasing power), and many co-signatures of texts carried by her colleagues, notably requests for commissions of inquiry.
The dominant format is the written question (25 of 42 texts): compensation for victims of medicines and medical devices (Essure implant, fluoroquinolones, synthetic progestogens), access to care in rural areas of Deux-Sèvres (breast cancer screening), and the health consequences of PFAS contamination. She co-signs several bills on wheelchair reimbursement, menstrual and gynaecological health at work, and end-of-life care, and herself carries a bill for a day of remembrance for the victims of Covid-19.
- Private member’s bill for a national day of remembrance for the victims of Covid-19 2025-03
- Written question on the follow-up and compensation of women with an Essure implant 2025-01
- Written question on care for victims of fluoroquinolones 2025-10
- Written question on access to breast cancer screening in rural areas 2025-10
Delphine Batho fights, by amendment, the texts that relax the rules on pesticides, irrigation and aerial spraying, with several massive series (332 amendments on the bill lifting constraints on the farming profession, 51 on crop treatment by remotely piloted aircraft, 30 on authorising acetamiprid, 21 on agricultural sovereignty, 19 on the 2026 emergency bill for agricultural protection). In parallel she carries several bills of her own initiative: a permanent ban on neonicotinoids (tabled twice, in 2023 and 2024), a moratorium on water storage structures for irrigation, and repeal of the Duplomb law. She also regularly questions the government on the same subjects (hedgerow pact, organic farming support, Asian hornet, elvers).
- Private member’s bill for a permanent ban on neonicotinoids 2023-02
- Private member’s bill introducing a moratorium on agricultural water storage structures 2023-12
- Private member’s bill to repeal the Duplomb law and make the ban on neonicotinoids permanent 2025-09
- Question to the government on the return of neonicotinoids (acetamiprid) 2025-05
- Amendment (series of 332) against authorising CMR pesticides in the law lifting agricultural constraints 2025-05
On energy and the environment, Delphine Batho opposes, by amendment, the reform of nuclear safety governance and the dismantling of the IRSN (a series of 41 amendments in 2024), as well as the rollout of mega-reservoirs (a series of 31 amendments in 2023). She carries a bill to end shale gas consumption in France. She questions the government on keeping regulated energy tariffs, PFAS contamination of water and forest fires, and co-signs several bills and European resolutions on climate and the phase-out of fossil fuels.
- Private member’s bill to end shale gas consumption in France 2025-02
- Amendment (series of 41) against the reform of nuclear safety governance and the dismantling of the IRSN 2024-03
- Amendment (series of 31) for a moratorium on mega-reservoirs 2023-11
- Written question on PFAS contamination of tap water 2026-01
- Written question on keeping regulated gas tariffs 2023-01
Delphine Batho co-signs many bills to protect employees (a ban on stock-market-driven redundancies, a 2% minimum tax on the wealth of the ultra-rich, transparency of public aid to businesses, action against uberisation) and several requests for commissions of inquiry into public aid to businesses and redundancy plans. By amendment, she argues for stronger action against fraud in public aid (a series of 23 amendments in 2024) and for more resources for Anses. She also questions the government on local economic cases (the Rockwool plant in Courmelles, the furniture industry).
- Co-signed private member’s bill introducing a 2% minimum tax on the wealth of the ultra-rich 2025-01
- Co-signed private member’s bill to prevent stock-market-driven redundancies in industry 2025-01
- Written question on State aid to the Rockwool plant in Courmelles 2026-02
- Amendment (series of 23) to strengthen action against public aid fraud 2024-11
By amendment, Delphine Batho tightens the regulation of commercial telephone canvassing (a series of 12 amendments in 2025) and margin transparency in agri-food commercial negotiations (a series of 7 in 2023). She questions the government on keeping regulated energy tariffs and on compliance with the list of price-capped products in the face of inflation, and returns several times to the effectiveness of the ban on telephone canvassing.
Delphine Batho carries a bill for the equality of all municipalities in the reimbursement of election campaign material costs, and questions the government on the same subject as well as on resilient communication means for town halls in a crisis. She opposes, by amendment, the reform of nuclear safety governance and co-signs a bill on the transparency of public aid to businesses.
- Private member’s bill for equality of municipalities in the reimbursement of election campaign material costs 2026-05
- Written question on resilient communication means for town halls in a crisis 2026-01
- Written question on the reimbursement of election campaign material costs in small municipalities 2026-03
- Amendment opposing the reform of nuclear safety governance 2024-03
Delphine Batho co-signs several requests for commissions of inquiry of a judicial or victim-protection nature (structural prevention of femicides, judicial and institutional handling of parental incest, violence in the film and performing arts sectors, violence at the Notre-Dame de Bétharram school). She repeatedly questions the government on the danger of a road in her constituency (RN248) and co-signs a bill to modernise the civil protection model.
- Oral question on the danger of the RN248 between Granzay-Gript and Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan 2024-01
- Co-signed request for a commission of inquiry into the structural prevention of femicides 2025-06
- Co-signed request for a commission of inquiry into the judicial handling of parental incest 2025-11
- Co-signed private member’s bill to modernise the civil protection model 2026-07
Over three years, Delphine Batho has repeatedly questioned the government on the scale of fraud in the MaPrimeRénov’ scheme. She also asks about the consequences of rising energy prices for young workers’ residences and about malfunctions in MaPrimeRénov’ payments, and co-signs a resolution to end child homelessness.
Delphine Batho questions the government on class closures and job cuts in Deux-Sèvres, as well as on AESH posts supporting pupils with disabilities. She co-signs the request for a commission of inquiry into violence at the Notre-Dame de Bétharram school and bills on nature education and the Pass'Sport. Two texts classified in this section (wheelchair reimbursement, sail-powered maritime transport) have no connection with education: they are flagged as misclassified and were not used to build this position.
Delphine Batho carries a referendum bill (article 11 of the Constitution) to assert that the legal retirement age cannot be set above 62, and co-signs two bills to repeal the raising of the legal age to 64 resulting from the 2023 pension reform. She questions the government on the retirement bonus for volunteer firefighters and on taking community work into account in the long-career scheme.
- Referendum private member’s bill to set the maximum legal retirement age at 62 2023-03
- Co-signed private member’s bill to repeal the raising of the legal age from 62 to 64 2023-04
- Written question on the retirement bonus for volunteer firefighters 2026-01
- Amendment challenging the legitimacy of raising the retirement age 2023-02
Delphine Batho carries a European resolution calling for the non-renewal of the glyphosate authorisation and a bill to ban neonicotinoids at Union level. She co-signs resolutions opposing the ratification of the Mercosur agreement, the European deregulation of pesticides (“Omnibus X”) and of new genetically modified organisms, and calling for full application of the European Digital Services Act.
- Resolution carried for the non-renewal of the glyphosate authorisation in the EU 2023-09
- Private member’s bill to ban neonicotinoids in the European Union 2024-09
- Co-signed resolution opposing ratification of the EU-Mercosur agreement 2025-09
- Co-signed resolution opposing European deregulation of pesticides (Omnibus X) 2026-05
Delphine Batho is the author of a bill banning all forms of digital and illuminated advertising in public spaces, for which she also carried the committee text. She co-signs two European resolutions, one calling for full application of the Digital Services Act, the other calling for a European Union response to the excesses of the X platform.
- Private member's bill banning digital and illuminated advertising in public spaces 2023-02
- Committee text on the same private member's bill banning digital advertising 2023-03
- Co-signed resolution calling for an EU response to the excesses of the X platform 2025-02
- Co-signed resolution recalling the urgency of enforcing the Digital Services Act 2025-02
Benjamin Lucas
MP 3.65 years
With 884 texts tabled or co-signed since 2023, his activity is heavily concentrated on immigration (396 texts, almost all of them opposition amendments to tougher legislation) and on economy and employment, where he is the author of two private member's bills against stock-market-driven redundancies. He also stands out for intensive use of parliamentary scrutiny (several resolutions to convene Parliament as a High Court and numerous committees of inquiry) and for recurring personal campaigns outside the 14 themes, notably the right to holidays, on which he is the author of a dedicated private member's bill, and constant criticism of the Universal National Service.
Together with his colleagues, he is the author of a private member's bill to ban stock-market-driven redundancies and then of a second bill to safeguard and sustain industrial jobs by preventing them, several amendments to which were adopted in 2025, as well as of a motion for a resolution to set up a committee of inquiry into redundancy plans. He also co-signs many of his group's private member's bills on taxing windfall profits (oil and gas companies, motorways), transparency of public aid to companies, tackling uberisation and democracy in the workplace. On finance bills, he tables a series of amendments to tax work automation and cap pay gaps, and on the Social Security Financing Bills (PLFSS) he opposes measures reducing compensation for workplace accidents.
- Author of the private member's bill to safeguard and sustain industrial jobs by preventing stock-market-driven redundancies 2025-01
- Author of a private member's bill to ban stock-market-driven redundancies 2024-12
- Author of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into public failings in the face of redundancy plans 2025-02
- Amendment adopted on his own private member's bill, excluding companies in receivership from the obligation to seek a buyer 2025-02
- Amendment to tax the windfall profits of motorway concession holders (2025 Finance Bill) 2024-10
He multiplies initiatives to scrutinise the executive: author of several motions for a resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic, and of committees of inquiry into the government's corrupt practices towards parliamentarians, the Stanislas school, and respect for democratic principles after the 2024 legislative elections. He questions the government on the Marianne fund affair and on the rule of law, comparing democratic excesses in the United States and Hungary. He also co-signs constitutional bills to reform Article 49, introduce a deliberative citizens' initiative referendum, and combat the covert financing of election campaigns.
- Author of a resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court for the removal of the President of the Republic 2024-09
- Author of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the government's corrupt practices towards parliamentarians 2023-12
- Question to the government on the Marianne fund 2023-05
- Question to the government on the rule of law in the face of democratic backsliding worldwide 2025-10
- Co-signs an organic bill against the covert financing of election campaigns 2025-09
He is the author of several motions for a resolution to set up committees of inquiry into the far right's offensive against public education and into the Stanislas school's compliance with the values of the Republic. In questions to the government, he challenges the creation of ability groups in lower secondary school and the Universal National Service, repeatedly asking for its funding to be redirected to other policies (learning holiday camps, universal basic income). Locally, he puts written questions on class closures in the Mantois-Vexin area.
- Author of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the far right's offensive against public education 2023-11
- Author of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the Stanislas school's compliance with the values of the Republic 2024-01
- Question to the government against the creation of ability groups in lower secondary school 2024-03
- Amendment to redirect Universal National Service funding, judged ‘a waste of resources’ 2023-10
- Written question on class closures in the Mantois-Vexin area 2025-03
He repeatedly questions the government on the climate emergency (global warming, warning from the High Council for the Climate) and on local issues (the Vexin quarry, mobile masts in rural areas, the waste storage project in Guitrancourt). He co-signs some thirty private member's bills and resolutions from his group on protecting drinking water, ending shale gas, repealing the reform of nuclear safety governance, and adapting forests to climate change. In budget amendments, he proposes taxing capital income more heavily and redirecting Universal National Service funding to ecological policies.
- Question to the government on the climate emergency and the warning from the High Council for the Climate 2024-04
- Question to the government on global warming in the face of announced budget austerity 2025-01
- Co-signs a private member's bill repealing the reform of nuclear safety governance 2024-10
- Co-signs a private member's bill to end shale gas consumption in France 2025-02
- Written question on mining in zone 109 in the Vexin yvelinois 2023-05
He opposes by amendment the law-and-order texts put forward by the right and far right, notably the withdrawal of family allowances from parents of delinquent children, which he judges unfair and counter-productive. In questions to the government, he denounces police violence, citing several victims (Oussekine, Traoré, Benna), and breaches of the rule of law. He co-signs private member's bills and resolutions on sexual and gender-based violence, the fight against far-right terrorism, and the State's failings on femicide.
- Question to the government denouncing police violence and citing several victims 2023-07
- Amendment opposing the withdrawal of family allowances from parents of delinquent children 2023-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill for a review of the far-right terrorist threat 2023-02
- Co-signs a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the State's failings on femicide 2025-06
Most of his activity on this theme consists of hundreds of amendments tabled against laws tightening immigration rules (the 2023 law ‘to control immigration and improve integration’, the right's private member's bills of 2023 and 2026 on expulsion and family reunification): he opposes extending the detention of asylum seekers, defends birthright citizenship (droit du sol) and State Medical Aid, and calls for family reunification to be maintained for refugees with regular status. He also co-signs private member's bills to make it easier for asylum seekers to enter the labour market and for an ambitious integration policy, as well as a constitutional bill granting local voting rights to non-EU foreign nationals. He also spoke in a question to the government against the 2023 immigration bill, describing the Italian Prime Minister as ‘neo-fascist’.
- Question to the government against the immigration bill, denouncing concessions made to the far right 2023-12
- Co-signs a private member's bill for an ambitious policy to integrate foreign nationals arriving in France 2023-10
- Amendment opposing the extension of the detention of asylum seekers (2023 immigration law) 2023-12
- Amendment to delete the private member's bill suspending family reunification 2026-06
- Co-signs a constitutional bill for local voting rights for non-EU foreign nationals resident in France 2023-12
He co-signs numerous private member's bills on access to care (tackling medical deserts, full reimbursement of wheelchairs, end-of-life support, social security for food) and on mental health (a resolution on the crisis in psychiatry). In amendments to the Social Security Financing Bill (PLFSS), he opposes measures limiting reimbursement of laboratory tests and medical imaging and unilateral fee cuts, defending broad access to care.
- Co-signs a private member's bill for full reimbursement of wheelchairs by the national health insurance 2024-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill on support for the sick and end-of-life care 2024-09
- Co-signs a resolution for urgent measures in response to the crisis in psychiatry and mental health 2025-03
- Amendment opposing the capping of reimbursements for laboratory tests and medical imaging (PLFSS) 2025-01
He co-signs most of his group's agricultural and food texts: non-renewal of glyphosate, repeal of the Duplomb law and a ban on neonicotinoids, protection of farmland and regulation of land prices, recognition of a right to food. He is not the author of any of these texts but a systematic co-signatory.
- Co-signs a private member's bill to repeal the Duplomb law and ban neonicotinoids 2025-09
- Co-signs a European resolution against the renewal of the glyphosate authorisation 2023-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill against the disappearance of farmland and to regulate land prices 2025-01
- Co-signs a resolution for the recognition of a right to food 2025-02
He co-signs texts on the purchasing power of low-income households: emergency measures against rising rents and service charges, access to healthy food in the face of inflation, recognition of material insecurity. In budget amendments, he proposes capping pay gaps (a ratio of 1 to 20) to fund purchasing-power measures. One written question concerns the right to holidays.
- Co-signs a private member's bill of emergency measures to protect tenants from rising rents and service charges 2023-05
- Amendment to cap pay gaps in the calculation base (2025 Finance Bill) 2024-10
- Written question warning about the state of the right to holidays across the country 2024-05
- Co-signs a private member's bill to recognise the fight against material insecurity in the Social Action Code 2025-12
He co-signs private member's bills on social housing: tackling child homelessness, mobilising vacant homes by mayors, regulating commercial rents. A series of budget amendments, recurring across several finance bills, cites the death of a child in a lift in Mantes-la-Jolie to request funding to make lifts safe in social housing; an amendment he tabled on this subject was adopted, extending coverage of lift breakdowns not previously covered.
- Co-signs a resolution aimed at ending child homelessness 2024-10
- Adopted amendment extending coverage of lift breakdowns not previously covered 2025-01
- Amendment (2024 Finance Bill) citing the death of a child in a lift in Mantes-la-Jolie to fund lift safety work 2023-10
- Co-signs a private member's bill allowing mayors to house residents by mobilising vacant homes 2025-12
He is squarely opposed to the 2023 pension reform: thirty amendments tabled on the 2023 amending social security financing bill (the text raising the statutory retirement age to 64), most of them withdrawn or ruled inadmissible, together with a referendum bill (Article 11) stating that the statutory age may not exceed 62. He co-signs his group's private member's bills to repeal this postponement. In a question to the government, he states that the government has ‘lost the battle over pensions’.
- Question to the government: ‘you have lost the battle over pensions’ 2023-02
- Author of a referendum bill (Article 11) to set the statutory retirement age at 62 at most 2023-03
- Co-signs a private member's bill to repeal the increase in the statutory retirement age from 62 to 64 2023-04
- Title amendment contesting the 2023 pension reform, part of a series of 30 amendments 2023-02
He is strongly engaged on the Israeli-Palestinian question: co-signatory of resolutions calling for a ceasefire in Gaza, for a referral to the International Criminal Court, and for a ban on trade with settlements in the occupied territories. In a question to the government, he raises Israel's interception of the humanitarian ship Madleen.
- Question to the government on Israel's interception of the humanitarian boat Madleen 2025-06
- Co-signs a resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza 2023-12
- Co-signs a resolution to refer the situation in Gaza to the International Criminal Court 2024-01
- Co-signs a private member's bill banning trade with settlements in the occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories 2026-07
On European issues, he exclusively co-signs his group's motions for a resolution, without ever being the author: calls for the breaking off of, or sanctions on, trade and association agreements judged contrary to human rights (suspension of the EU-Israel agreement, rejection of the EU-Mercosur trade agreement and of the EU-United States tariff agreement), and support for democratic causes (illiberal drift in Georgia).
- Co-signs a European resolution to prevent ratification of the EU-Mercosur agreement 2025-09
- Co-signs a European resolution to suspend the EU-Israel association agreement 2025-06
- Co-signs a European resolution to reject the EU-United States tariff agreement 2025-07
- Co-signs a European resolution condemning the illiberal drift of the Georgian government 2024-05
Clémentine Autain
MP 3.14 years
A very active MP (Member of the National Assembly) since 2023 (788 texts recorded, 25,419 amendment co-signatures), most of whose personal output (409 amendments of which she is the author) concerns opposition to the 2023 pension reform. The rest of her activity combines scrutiny of the government through written and oral questions (health, education, local public services in Seine-Saint-Denis), the mass co-signature of private member's bills and committees of inquiry from the LFI-NUPES and then Ecologist and Social group, and three motions for a resolution of which she is the author, aimed at convening Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic.
She co-signs private member's bills protecting public hospitals from competition from private medical temping agencies, creating a public pole for medicines, guaranteeing access to abortion and assisted reproduction (ART), and improving end-of-life support. She multiplies written and oral questions to raise local situations (Robert Ballanger hospital, the Île-de-France regional health agency, shortages of psychotropic drugs) and questions the government on cadmium exposure. Her amendments to the endometriosis bill are intended to denounce a version, put forward by the Rassemblement national, that she considers inadequate.
- Co-signs a private member's bill protecting public hospitals from competition from private medical temping agencies. 2023-04
- Co-signs a resolution to protect the right to abortion in the face of a risk of abortion pill shortages. 2023-06
- Co-signs a private member's bill creating a public pole for medicines and medical devices. 2024-01
- Denounces, in a question to the government, the public health scandal of cadmium exposure. 2026-04
- Co-signs a private member's bill on support for the sick and end-of-life care. 2024-09
She multiplies written questions to raise class closures, the teacher shortage and the conditions of the start of the school year, particularly in Seine-Saint-Denis. She co-signs private member's bills on the pre-recruitment of teachers, the abolition of Parcoursup for social work courses, and a committee of inquiry into the ultra-reactionary threat to public education.
- Alerts the Minister for Education to the shortage of secondary school teachers at the start of the 2023 school year. 2023-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill abolishing Parcoursup for access to social work courses. 2024-05
- Raises the alarm on job cuts and class closures in Seine-Saint-Denis at the start of the 2026 school year. 2026-05
- Co-signs a private member's bill creating a pre-recruitment procedure for teachers. 2023-07
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the ultra-reactionary threat to public education. 2025-06
She co-signs numerous private member's bills taxing the wealthiest and large companies (reinstating the wealth tax (ISF), a 2% minimum tax on the assets of the ultra-rich, a levy on oil and gas windfall profits, a maximum pay ratio in companies) and protecting employment (banning stock-market-driven redundancies, tackling uberisation through a presumption of employee status). She questions the government through written questions on factory closures and subcontracting situations (WFS Roissy, Transdev, MA France/Stellantis). On the 2026 Finance Bill she tables sub-amendments aimed at restricting tax exemptions to large estates.
- Co-signs a private member's bill introducing a maximum pay ratio in companies. 2024-05
- Co-signs a private member's bill reinstating and strengthening the wealth tax. 2024-05
- Alerts the Minister for Labour to the situation of WFS subcontracted employees at Roissy. 2023-07
- Co-signs a private member's bill introducing a presumption of employee status to counter uberisation. 2024-10
- Sub-amendment to the 2026 Finance Bill restricting tax exemptions to estates worth less than 500 million euros. 2025-10
She is the author of three near-identical motions for a resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic, and of a motion for a resolution creating a committee of inquiry into the Maureen Kearney affair. She also co-signs texts on full proportional representation, the citizens' initiative referendum and the fight against the covert financing of election campaigns.
- Author of a motion for a resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic. 2024-09
- Author of a motion for a resolution creating a committee of inquiry into the Maureen Kearney affair. 2023-02
- Co-signs a private member's bill introducing full proportional representation in legislative elections. 2024-04
- Co-signs an organic bill against the covert financing of election campaigns. 2025-09
- Co-signs a constitutional bill introducing a citizens' initiative referendum. 2023-11
She tables hundreds of amendments, 409 of them as author, on the 2023 amending social security financing bill carrying the pension reform, in order to delay its adoption and propose alternative funding such as an exceptional levy on CAC 40 dividends. She is the author of a private member's bill to keep the statutory retirement age at 62 and co-signs a text repealing the postponement of the effective retirement age. She repeatedly questions the government on this reform. This is a massive series of amendments concentrated on a single text (the 2023 PLFRSS), not a scattering of subjects.
- Proposes, as author, keeping the statutory retirement age at 62 at most. 2023-03
- Challenges the Prime Minister on the use of Article 49.3 to force through the pension reform. 2023-03
- Amendment to the 2023 PLFRSS creating an exceptional levy on CAC 40 dividends to fund the CNAV pension fund, as an alternative to the reform. 2023-02
- Denounces, in a question to the government, the Prime Minister's backing down on the pension reform. 2025-03
- Co-signs a private member's bill repealing the rise in the effective retirement age and proposing a conference on funding the system. 2023-04
She co-signs numerous committees of inquiry and private member's bills on sexist and sexual violence (femicide, violence in film and the performing arts, online child sexual abuse) and tables amendments, 59 of them as author, on the private member's bill against sexual and sexist violence, notably to broaden the definition of intrafamilial violence and to make a sexism awareness course compulsory for those convicted. She also puts written questions to the government on drug trafficking, international criminal justice and unaccompanied minors who offend.
- Co-signs a private member's bill recognising and penalising obstetric and gynaecological violence. 2023-03
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into police use of the Briefcam facial recognition software. 2023-11
- Questions the Minister of the Interior on the fight against drug trafficking after murders in Sevran. 2024-06
- Amendment specifying that intrafamilial violence may also be classed as sexist. 2026-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill against online child sexual abuse and sexual violence against minors. 2026-05
She co-signs private member's bills on freezing electricity and gas prices, funding the energy renovation of buildings and phasing out shale gas, as well as a resolution against climate disinformation. In 2026, she sponsors a co-signed private member's bill introducing a right to withdraw from work and climate leave during heatwaves.
- Co-signs a private member's bill for new regulated electricity and gas tariffs. 2023-01
- Co-signs a private member's bill funding 100% of the work to reduce buildings' energy consumption. 2023-07
- Co-signs a resolution to guarantee the integrity of information on climate change in the face of disinformation. 2025-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill ending shale gas consumption in order to comply with the Paris Agreement. 2025-02
- Co-signs a private member's bill introducing a right to withdraw from work and climate leave during heatwaves. 2026-09
She co-signs private member's bills on requisitioning vacant homes, rent regulation and ending child homelessness, and puts written questions to the government on the abolition of the APL accession housing benefit and on the contribution imposed on tenants to fund their landlord's energy renovation work, known as the ‘third line of the rent receipt’.
- Draws attention to the consequences of abolishing the APL accession housing benefit. 2023-01
- Co-signs a private member's bill modernising the requisitioning of vacant homes. 2024-01
- Co-signs a resolution aimed at ending child homelessness. 2024-10
- Co-signs a private member's bill allowing mayors to house residents through vacant homes. 2025-12
- Questions the Minister for Housing on the third line of the rent receipt charged to tenants. 2024-10
She co-signs private member's bills on indexing wages to inflation, protecting tenants from rising rents and service charges, and regulating rents, as well as a request for a committee of inquiry into the relationship between the State and oil groups during the period of inflation.
- Co-signs a private member's bill indexing wages to inflation. 2023-10
- Co-signs an emergency private member's bill protecting tenants from rising rents and service charges. 2023-05
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the relationship between the State and oil groups during inflation. 2023-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill making rent regulation permanent and improving it. 2025-12
- Questions the Minister for the Budget on the abolition of the preferential postal rate for books and brochures. 2024-11
She co-signs resolutions calling on France to recognise the State of Palestine, to implement the International Court of Justice's provisional measures concerning Gaza and to set up a committee of inquiry into French complicity in the conflict, and questions the government on the situation in Gaza. She also co-signs texts on securing Ukrainian nuclear sites and European military support for Greenland and Denmark.
- Denounces, in a question to the government, the killing of Palestinians in Gaza by the Israeli army. 2023-12
- Co-signs a resolution calling on France to recognise the State of Palestine at the UN. 2024-02
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into France's complicity in the ongoing massacre in Gaza. 2024-03
- Co-signs a private member's bill banning trade linked to the colonisation of the occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories. 2026-07
- Co-signs a resolution on securing nuclear sites in Ukraine. 2024-04
She co-signs European resolutions opposing trade agreements (European Union-New Zealand, Mercosur, the tariff agreement with the United States) and the deregulation of pesticides, while supporting the European agreement on platform workers. She also challenges the government on French foreign policy in the face of what she calls vassalisation.
- Co-signs a resolution opposing ratification of the EU-New Zealand free trade agreement. 2023-10
- Co-signs a resolution calling for a referral to the CJEU to prevent ratification of the Mercosur agreement. 2025-09
- Co-signs a resolution supporting the European agreement on working conditions via platforms. 2024-01
- Denounces, in a question to the government, France's vassalisation in the face of might-is-right politics. 2026-01
- Co-signs a resolution opposing the European deregulation of the pesticides framework (Omnibus X). 2026-05
She co-signs private member's bills in support of farmers (a decent income, minimum purchase prices for agricultural commodities) and on health and environmental protection (a moratorium on mega-basins, repeal of the Duplomb law and a ban on neonicotinoids). She questions the government on cadmium contamination of foodstuffs.
- Co-signs a private member's bill introducing a moratorium on the rollout of mega-basins. 2023-10
- Co-signs a private member's bill establishing a minimum purchase price for agricultural commodities. 2024-02
- Co-signs a private member's bill repealing the Duplomb law and making the ban on neonicotinoids permanent. 2025-09
- Co-signs a private member's bill guaranteeing farmers a decent income. 2024-02
- Alerts the Minister for Agriculture to the French population's overexposure to cadmium. 2026-03
She co-signs private member's bills on the application of secularism (laïcité), voting rights in local elections for non-EU foreign nationals and the repeal of several articles of the 2024 immigration law, as well as a resolution calling for political asylum for Julian Assange. She also co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements for migrants.
- Co-signs a resolution calling for political asylum for Julian Assange and foreign whistleblowers. 2023-06
- Co-signs a private member's bill on the application of the principle of secularism (laïcité). 2023-12
- Co-signs a constitutional bill granting local voting rights to non-EU foreign nationals. 2023-12
- Co-signs a private member's bill repealing two articles of the January 2024 immigration law. 2024-03
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements. 2024-03
She co-signs four resolutions: a committee of inquiry into the use of personal data by social protection bodies, a resolution calling for full application of the EU Digital Services Act, a call for an EU response to the excesses of the X platform, and a committee of inquiry into the structural dependencies of the French digital sector.
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the use of personal data by social protection bodies. 2024-04
- Co-signs a resolution recalling the urgency of fully applying the EU Digital Services Act. 2025-02
- Co-signs a resolution calling for an EU response to the excesses of the X platform. 2025-02
- Co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the structural dependencies of the French digital sector. 2025-12
Marine Le Pen
MP 3.14 years
Marine Le Pen tables and co-signs a high number of texts (186, excluding 9,966 amendment co-signatures not broken down), concentrated on immigration/identity and security/justice, where she personally sponsors a series of texts tightening the conditions for expelling foreign nationals and a constitutional bill on citizenship and immigration. Scrutiny of the government takes up a significant share of her activity (numerous questions to the government on violence, terrorism, pensions and the situation in Mayotte), and she co-signs her group's private member's bills on health, the economy, housing and education en masse without always being their initiator.
She repeatedly challenges the government in questions to the government after acts of violence or attacks (Arras, Paris, the murder of Elias, the death of Lyhanna, the assault on a school supervisor), calling for a firmer criminal justice response. She co-signs a dozen of her group's private member's bills along these lines: tougher penalties for school bullying, withdrawal of family allowances from parents of delinquent minors, a financial contribution from prisoners towards the cost of their incarceration, a systematic criminal justice response to arson. She also puts written questions on local police numbers (Lens district) and on knife attacks. A mixed profile, combining scrutiny of the government on news stories with support for tougher criminal justice texts sponsored by her group.
- Question to the government after the terrorist attack in Arras 2023-10
- Question to the government after the terrorist attack in Paris 2023-12
- Question to the government on the murder of Elias and criminal justice policy 2025-01
- Co-signed private member's bill introducing a firm and systematic criminal justice response to arson 2026-07
- Co-signed private member's bill creating a daily flat-rate contribution by prisoners to the cost of incarceration 2025-05
She co-signs several private member's bills opposing ecological transition measures: abolition of low-emission zones (ZFE), a brake on photovoltaic growth, a dual condition for authorising wind power installations. She repeatedly puts written questions to the government on the Metaleurop industrial pollution case (compensation for residents contaminated with lead and cadmium in the Pas-de-Calais) and on the impact of load-following imposed on nuclear reactors by intermittent energy sources. A mixed profile, combining scrutiny on local cases with opposition to environmental standards under discussion.
- Co-signed private member's bill setting a dual condition for authorising wind power installations 2023-07
- Co-signed private member's bill abolishing low-emission zones (ZFE) 2025-02
- Co-signed private member's bill to slow the growth of photovoltaics 2025-09
- Written question calling for the State to withdraw its appeal to the Court of Cassation in the Metaleurop case 2024-10
- Written question on the impact of intermittent energy sources on load-following by nuclear reactors 2025-03
She is the author of a series of 25 amendments to the 2023 law on the Sovereignty of France, nationality, immigration and asylum (most ranked as open to discussion, only one adopted), notably reusing provisions from her referendum bill from the 2022 campaign to enshrine control of the entry of foreign nationals in the Constitution, and opposing the introduction of regularisation quotas. She herself tables a constitutional bill on Citizenship-Identity-Immigration (2024) and a private member's bill to lift the exemptions from expulsion for foreign nationals posing a serious threat to public order (2023). She co-signs several texts tightening the conditions for expelling and marrying foreign nationals in an irregular situation, and a resolution to rebuild the Schengen area on a dual national and European border (2026). She repeatedly questions the government on the migration situation in Mayotte and calls for the repeal of the 1968 Franco-Algerian agreement.
- Constitutional bill on Citizenship-Identity-Immigration, of which she is the author 2024-01
- Private member's bill, as author, to lift the exemptions from expulsion for foreign nationals posing a serious threat to public order 2023-12
- Co-signed resolution to rebuild Schengen on a dual national and European border 2026-09
- Question to the government calling for the repeal of the 1968 Franco-Algerian agreement 2025-11
- Amendment (2023 immigration law) reusing an article from her 2022 referendum bill on migration control 2023-12
She is the author of a constitutional bill on Citizenship-Identity-Immigration that also touches on the institutional framework, and tables several amendments on budget texts and on the constitutional bill for an autonomous Corsica (amendment rejected). She questions the government on the Christmas truce special law ensuring the continuity of the State at the end of 2025. She co-signs a private member's bill to restore two-round majority voting in municipal elections for small communes. A mixed profile, combining personal institutional initiatives with support for co-signed texts from her group.
- Constitutional bill on Citizenship-Identity-Immigration, of which she is the author 2024-01
- Question to the government on the Christmas truce special law ensuring the continuity of the State 2025-12
- Co-signed private member's bill restoring two-round majority voting in municipal elections for small communes 2026-05
- Amendment (rejected), as author, to the constitutional bill for an autonomous Corsica 2026-06
She questions the government on the war in Ukraine (2023, then in 2024 on statements by the President of the Republic), and on the situation in Israel after 7 October 2023. She is the author of a motion for a resolution inviting the government to grant political asylum to Julian Assange (2023). She co-signs a constitutional bill to protect France's nuclear deterrent. She also puts written questions on the decline of French in Andorra and on the risk of losing industrial sovereignty around the Atos group. A predominantly scrutiny-based profile, complemented by a personal initiative on the Assange case.
- Question to the government on the situation in Ukraine 2023-02
- Question to the government on the situation in Israel after 7 October 2023 2023-10
- Resolution, of which she is the author, inviting the government to grant political asylum to Julian Assange 2023-07
- Question to the government on the President of the Republic's statements on the war in Ukraine 2024-02
- Co-signed constitutional bill protecting the nuclear deterrent 2023-02
She co-signs a dozen of her group's private member's bills on health, notably support for women with endometriosis, higher allowances for self-employed nurses, free parking at public hospitals and simpler rights for people with disabilities, without being their author. She puts written questions on the situation of self-employed nurses, the shortage of ambulance staff and private out-of-hours medical centres. One question to the government concerns social benefit fraud. A private member's bill she co-signs aims to replace State Medical Aid with a more restricted emergency life-saving aid.
- Question to the government on social benefit fraud 2023-06
- Co-signed private member's bill replacing State Medical Aid with emergency life-saving aid 2023-07
- Written question on the situation of self-employed nurses 2023-10
- Written question on the shortage of ambulance staff 2025-11
- Co-signed private member's bill for free parking at public hospitals 2025-09
She co-signs her group's private member's bills on taxation and the purchasing power of businesses and households: a 10% rise in net salaries, protection of micro-entrepreneurs against tax increases, a cut in VAT on energy. She questions the government on the tax fraud known as CumCum and raises, by written question, the compulsory liquidation of the company Milee and its 10,000 employees, 200 of them at the Libercourt depot (Pas-de-Calais). She co-signs a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the obstacles to France's reindustrialisation. Her amendments as author concern targeted budget lines (overseas territories, illegal gold mining in French Guiana).
- Question to the government on the CumCum tax fraud 2025-06
- Co-signed private member's bill to encourage companies to raise net salaries by 10% 2024-10
- Co-signed resolution for a committee of inquiry into the obstacles to reindustrialisation 2025-01
- Written question raising the compulsory liquidation of Milee and its 10,000 employees 2024-10
- Co-signed private member's bill protecting micro-entrepreneurs from a tax increase 2025-06
She co-signs two private member's bills banning so-called inclusive writing, one in school and university publications (2023), the other in higher education and research (2025). She raises, by written questions, nursery and primary class closures, notably in her constituency in the Pas-de-Calais. She questions the government after the fatal assault on a school supervisor by a pupil. She also co-signs a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the state of the Republic's schools.
- Co-signed private member's bill banning inclusive writing in school and university publications 2023-01
- Co-signed private member's bill banning inclusive writing in higher education and research 2025-12
- Written question on nursery and primary class closures 2024-02
- Question to the government after the fatal assault on a school supervisor by a pupil 2025-06
She co-signs private member's bills to cap bank charges judged unfair and to make origin labelling of foodstuffs systematic. She puts written questions on rising electricity subscription prices and on the refusal of a rent increase imposed on tenants of the landlord Maisons et Cités in the Bassin minier. A mixed profile, combining support for group texts with scrutiny of local purchasing-power cases.
- Written question on rising electricity subscription prices 2025-01
- Co-signed private member's bill limiting bank charges judged unfair 2025-09
- Written question on the refusal of a rent increase imposed on Maisons et Cités tenants 2024-10
- Co-signed private member's bill making origin labelling of foodstuffs systematic 2025-09
She co-signs a resolution, tabled again several times over successive parliamentary terms, to preserve the French volunteer firefighter model in the face of European standards, as well as a resolution to rebuild the Schengen area on a dual border (2026). She questions the government on the EU-Mercosur trade agreement, judged a threat to French farmers. A profile of opposition to European standards and agreements under negotiation or adoption.
She questions the government twice, in 2023 on the pension reform and in 2025 on its suspension. She co-signs a private member's bill to cancel the latest reforms on retirement age and the number of contribution years. On the 2023 amending social security financing bill, which raises the statutory age to 64, an amendment of which she is the author states that her group is firmly opposed to it; most of her amendments on this text were ruled inadmissible. A consistent line of opposition to the 2023 pension reform.
- Question to the government on the pension reform 2023-01
- Question to the government on the suspension of the pension reform 2025-10
- Co-signed private member's bill cancelling the latest reforms on retirement age and the number of contribution years 2024-09
- Amendment, as author, stating the RN group's opposition to raising the statutory age to 64 2023-02
She co-signs her group's private member's bills on housing, including one to introduce national priority in the allocation of social housing (2024) and another to reduce the energy constraints weighing on rental supply. She puts written questions on the rent increase imposed on tenants of the landlord Maisons et Cités in the Bassin minier and on the mining housing renovation subsidies promised by the State (the ERBM commitment).
- Co-signed private member's bill introducing national priority in the allocation of social housing 2024-03
- Written question on the refusal of a rent increase imposed on Maisons et Cités tenants 2024-10
- Co-signed private member's bill reducing the energy constraints weighing on rental supply 2023-07
- Written question on mining housing renovation subsidies (the ERBM commitment) 2024-11
Section reduced to 3 texts. She co-signs a resolution opposing the EU-Mercosur trade agreement in the name of protecting French farmers (2024), and a private member's bill to make origin labelling of foodstuffs systematic (2025, also classed under pouvoir_achat). The third text in the section, a budget amendment on the food voucher in Mayotte, has nothing to do with agriculture (see erreurs_classement).
Olivier Faure
MP 3.14 years
Leader of the Socialist group in the National Assembly (317 texts since 2023, excluding 10,614 amendment co-signatures not broken down), very present in questions to the government, in particular on the pension reform and the executive's record. His activity combines frontal opposition to the 2023 pension reform, budgetary scrutiny through recurring amendments to tax windfall profits and strengthen the financial transactions tax, and the mass co-signature of Socialist private member's bills on health, purchasing power and Europe. He is the author of a private member's bill for the Nation's recognition of repatriates from Indochina. He also co-signs numerous commemorative texts (the massacre of Algerians of 17 October 1961, the Thiaroye massacre, the genocide of the Roma, repeal of the Code noir).
In 2025, he is the author of a private member's bill for the Nation's recognition of repatriates from Indochina and for redress of the harm suffered. He co-signs resolutions on using frozen Russian assets for Ukraine's reconstruction and on suspending the EU-Israel association agreement. He challenges the government on the US military intervention in Venezuela.
- Private member's bill (author) for the Nation's recognition of repatriates from Indochina 2025-02
- Question to the government on the US military intervention in Venezuela 2026-01
- Co-signed motion for a resolution on using frozen Russian assets for Ukraine's reconstruction 2024-02
- Co-signed draft resolution to suspend the EU-Israel association agreement 2025-06
He tables recurring amendments to finance bills and social security financing bills to tax the windfall profits of banks and large companies (to benefit pensions, health insurance and family benefits) and to strengthen the financial transactions tax for the benefit of international solidarity. He co-signs Socialist private member's bills to tax private jets, cruise ships and large yachts, to upgrade social work professions, and to tackle medical deserts.
- Co-signed private member's bill to tax the use of private jets 2023-05
- Amendment to the 2024 budget to tax the windfall profits of the banking sector 2023-10
- Co-signed private member's bill on industrial sovereignty and protection of the steel sector 2025-10
- Written question on the application of non-discrimination training obligations in companies 2023-01
He is squarely opposed to the 2023 pension reform (raising the statutory age to 64), through repeated questions to the government and amendments to the amending financing bill calling for the deletion of key articles (special schemes, early retirement). He co-signs private member's bills to repeal the rise to 64 and to recognise voluntary-sector involvement in the calculation of pension rights. In 2025, he argues for seeking a compromise rather than pure obstruction.
- Question to the government denouncing the social and political deadlock of the pension reform 2023-03
- Co-signed private member's bill to repeal the postponement of the statutory age from 62 to 64 2023-04
- Amendment to the 2023 PLFRSS not to postpone the statutory age to 64 2023-02
- Question to the government stating that, from opposition, he is seeking a compromise on pensions 2025-01
He co-signs private member's bills for a 1-euro meal for students, the regulation of for-profit private higher education, the protection of children in for-profit private nurseries, and support towards independence for young people leaving child welfare services. He questions the government on the timetable of the baccalaureate and the decline of rural lower secondary schools.
- Co-signed private member's bill for a 1-euro meal for all students 2024-09
- Co-signed private member's bill to protect children in for-profit private nurseries 2024-10
- Written question on struggling lower secondary schools in rural areas 2023-11
- Co-signed private member's bill to support young people leaving child welfare services towards independence 2024-01
He co-signs private member's bills to reduce the prices of basic food products, create ‘Zero Hunger Territories’ against food insecurity, and tackle the high cost of living in the overseas territories. He challenges the government on its record and questions it on the non-take-up of social benefits.
- Co-signed private member's bill to reduce the prices of basic food products 2023-10
- Co-signed private member's bill creating Zero Hunger Territories in response to food insecurity 2024-01
- Written question on the non-take-up of social benefits 2023-10
- Co-signed private member's bill against the high cost of living and economic concentration in the overseas territories 2024-10
He co-signs numerous Socialist private member's bills, often cross-party, on mental health (emergency measures, first aid training), tackling medical deserts and medicine shortages, full coverage of wheelchairs and support for young people leaving child welfare services. He questions the government on the state of child psychiatry and on stroke prevention.
He is the author of a constitutional bill to increase Parliament's power over presidential appointments. He co-signs a motion for a resolution for a committee of inquiry into potential corrupt practices aimed at influencing parliamentarians, and an organic bill on the ethical obligations of members of the Constitutional Council.
- Constitutional bill (author) to increase Parliament's power over presidential appointments 2023-07
- Co-signed motion for a resolution for an inquiry into corrupt practices aimed at parliamentarians 2023-12
- Co-signed organic private member's bill on the ethics of members of the Constitutional Council 2025-03
He co-signs texts on official development assistance, a moratorium on TotalEnergies' oil projects in Uganda (EACOP), tackling excessive taxation of electricity, and accelerating the energy renovation of housing.
- Co-signed motion for a resolution for a moratorium on TotalEnergies' EACOP/Tilenga/Kingfisher projects 2023-12
- Co-signed private member's bill against excessive taxation of electricity prices 2024-01
- Written question on France's official development assistance commitments 2023-05
- Co-signed private member's bill accelerating the energy renovation of housing 2024-10
He co-signs private member's bills to recognise the State's responsibility and compensate the victims of chlordecone, to create a specific crime of incest, and to regulate the conditions under which the national police may open fire. He reacts publicly, in a question to the government, to the situation in Israel after 7 October 2023.
- Co-signed private member's bill to recognise the State's responsibility and compensate the victims of chlordecone 2024-01
- Co-signed private member's bill creating a specific crime of incest 2025-12
- Co-signed private member's bill to clarify and oversee the conditions under which the police may open fire 2025-03
- Question to the government on the situation in Israel after the attack of 7 October 2023 2023-10
He questions the government on the State's digital sovereignty (use of foreign clouds by operators of vital importance) and on the implementing decrees of the cybersecurity law. He co-signs resolutions against digital addiction among children and for the fight against online child sexual abuse.
He co-signs a large number of European resolutions on taxation (creating a European wealth tax), agriculture (rejecting the deregulation of new GMOs, import requirements equivalent to European standards) and digital rights (the Digital Services Act). He questions the government on the fate of the Uyghur dissident Ilham Tohti.
- Co-signed motion for a resolution creating a European wealth tax 2024-04
- Co-signed motion for a resolution to prevent the deregulation of new GMOs 2024-02
- Written question on the fate of the Uyghur dissident Ilham Tohti 2026-02
- Co-signed motion for a resolution on the urgency of applying the EU Digital Services Act 2025-02
He co-signs private member's bills on farm incomes and the sharing of value along the agri-food chain, on the observatory for price and margin formation, and on mandatory display of the Nutri-Score.
He co-signs a private member's bill to repeal the national preference measures in the Immigration law, and a motion for a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements for the fundamental rights of migrants.
He co-signs private member's bills against rental speculation and fraudulent notices to quit, and for accelerating the energy renovation of housing. He questions the government on the worsening of child homelessness.
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
MP 0.91 years
Activity recorded only for January 2023 to May 2024 (168 texts, none beyond that in the corpus). Dominated by massive obstruction of the 2023 pension reform (63 amendments) and by opposition, through amendments, to law-and-order excesses (the law on sectarian abuses, AI surveillance at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games). He also puts a large number of very concrete, local written questions (health, rural areas, taxation of associations) and defends a sovereigntist line on energy (nuclear), defence and free trade.
He puts a large number of written questions on specific health issues: the future of medical gynaecology, consent to care in psychiatry, complications from vaginal mesh implants, and the defence of the IHU Marseille study of 30,000 Covid-19 patients, which he wants protected from ANSM proceedings.
He denounces the way the electricity price is set as a “State scandal”, since in his view France produces the cheapest electricity in Europe. He defends, through amendments, the development of the nuclear sector and opposes the merger of the IRSN with the ASN. He raises local issues such as toll-free sections of the A10 and A11 motorways in the Île-de-France region.
- Oral question denouncing the State scandal of how the electricity price is set 2023-01
- Amendment to include the development of the nuclear sector in the multi-year energy programming 2023-03
- Amendment against the merger of the IRSN and the ASN 2023-03
- Written question on toll-free sections of the A10 and A11 motorways in the Île-de-France region 2024-04
He co-signs private member's bills to make it easier to pass on family businesses and to exempt from tax the allowances of mayors and deputy mayors of small communes. He questions the government on the taxation of associations.
He questions the government on the closure of economics and business preparatory classes, and co-signs a motion for a resolution inviting the government to measure the spread of inclusive writing in higher education and research.
He opposes, through amendments, several provisions of the bill against sectarian abuses, which he considers a threat to freedom of expression and to whistleblowers. He reacts, in a question to the government, to the attack that cost Dominique Bernard his life. He also raises the conditions under which detainees are defended by court-appointed lawyers.
He denounces the way the electricity price is set as a State scandal, since in his view France produces the cheapest electricity in Europe. He co-signs an organic bill against the indexation of Treasury bonds to inflation, and raises the presence of nanoparticles in everyday consumer products.
He is firmly opposed to the 2023 pension reform, with 63 amendments to the amending social security financing bill, notably to delete the postponement of the statutory retirement age (including for military personnel) and the balance table justifying the reform, which he considers based on the most pessimistic assumption of the Pensions Advisory Council (COR). He also challenges the government on the combined health/energy/pensions crisis.
He twice questions the government, in oral questions, on the free trade policy pursued since 2017, which he considers destructive for French farmers.
He tables amendments to the 2024-2030 military programming law to raise defence spending above the announced floor of 2% of GDP and to protect French commercial interests in joint European military projects. He co-signs a private member's bill on the evaluation of official development assistance.
- Amendment to the 2024-2030 LPM to set 2% of GDP as the floor for defence spending 2023-05
- Amendment to the military programming law (LPM) to protect French commercial interests in joint European military projects 2023-05
- Co-signed private member's bill on the evaluation of official development assistance 2023-05
He co-signs organic bills to restore the parliamentary reserve for the benefit of small communes and associations, and to ease the limits on holding multiple offices alongside a parliamentary mandate.
Fabien Roussel
MP 0.91 years
Very dense parliamentary activity (230 texts recorded over the period, plus 2,909 amendment co-signatures not broken down), dominated by massive obstruction through amendments on the two major texts of the parliamentary term: the pension reform (59 amendments) and the military programming law (59 amendments), combined with intensive use of oral and written questions to champion industrial cases in his constituency in the Nord (Valdunes, Alstom, Ascometal) and to challenge the government on purchasing power. He has a successful personal initiative (the private member's bill on full coverage of breast cancer care, adopted at first reading) and co-signs a large number of texts outside the Observatory's 14 themes sponsored by overseas colleagues in the GDR group (performing arts freelancers, cross-Channel maritime cabotage, arms trafficking in the overseas territories, remoteness allowance in Polynesia).
He challenges the government, through oral and written questions, on several industrial cases under threat in his constituency and beyond (Valdunes, Alstom, Ascometal) and denounces the pay of CAC 40 executives. He co-signs private member's bills protecting workers (employees' pre-emption right, compensation for workers exposed to asbestos, liability of principal contractors) and an additional levy on the windfall profits of large companies. He also tables two amendments to the 2024 Finance Bill to exempt associations from council tax on second homes.
- Question to the government on the threat to the Valdunes plant 2023-05
- Oral question on the situation of the rail manufacturer Alstom 2024-03
- Written question on the threats facing Ascometal's automotive division 2024-06
- Question to the government denouncing the pay of CAC 40 chief executives 2024-05
- Co-signed private member's bill creating a levy on the windfall profits of large companies 2024-05
He is the author and rapporteur of a private member's bill for full national health insurance coverage of breast cancer care, adopted at first reading (7 of 14 amendments adopted, most of them drafting or clarification amendments, tabled by him on his own text). He questions the government through written and oral questions on local health issues and support for disabled people (an MRI scanner at the hospital in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, severe autism, head injury). He also co-signs private member's bills on the public medicines service and on repealing the Covid-19 vaccine mandate in the medical and paramedical sectors.
- Private member's bill (author) for full national health insurance coverage of breast cancer care 2024-04
- Version of the breast cancer private member's bill adopted at first reading, Roussel rapporteur 2024-05
- Amendment (author) specifying the conditions of the implementing decree of his own private member's bill 2024-05
- Oral question on obtaining an MRI scanner at the hospital in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux 2023-01
- Co-signed private member's bill repealing the Covid-19 vaccine mandate in the medical sector 2023-03
He repeatedly questions the government on the purchasing power of the French: energy prices and the energy voucher amid inflation, pay rises, the rising price of the weekly shop. He co-signs an organic bill indexing the local authorities' general operating grant to inflation, and a private member's bill to reduce the social and financial insecurity of single-parent families.
He tables a massive series of 59 amendments (23 under consideration, 16 withdrawn, 12 open to discussion, 5 ruled inadmissible under Article 40) on the 2023 amending social security financing bill, opposing in particular the abolition of special pension schemes and judging the treatment of arduous working conditions inadequate. He is the author of a referendum bill (Article 11 of the Constitution) to prohibit any postponement of the statutory retirement age beyond 62, and co-signs several bills to repeal the reform raising the age to 64. He also puts a written question to the government on the treatment of internships in the calculation of pensions.
- Referendum bill (Art. 11) to prohibit any postponement of the statutory age beyond 62 2023-03
- Amendment (series x59) opposing the abolition of special pension schemes 2023-02
- Amendment (series x59) judging the treatment of arduous working conditions inadequate 2023-02
- Written question on the treatment of “TUC” work placements in the calculation of pensions 2024-02
He questions the government on energy prices and the energy voucher, and co-signs a private member's bill for new regulated electricity and gas tariffs. He co-signs several motions for a resolution calling for committees of inquiry, notably on the liberalisation of rail freight and on the consequences of French nuclear testing in Polynesia. He also co-signs texts proposing an exceptional levy on the wealth of the richest to fund the ecological transition.
- Question to the government on energy prices (gas, electricity) 2023-01
- Question to the government on the energy voucher in the face of inflation 2023-12
- Co-signed private member's bill for new regulated electricity and gas tariffs 2023-01
- Co-signed resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the liberalisation of rail freight 2023-06
- Co-signed resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into French nuclear testing in Polynesia 2024-03
He is the author of a private member's bill and a written question to exempt premises used by associations from council tax. He also questions the government, by written question, on administrative obstacles to external insulation work. He co-signs a motion for a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into substandard social housing in the overseas departments and regions.
- Private member's bill (author) exempting associations' premises from council tax 2023-07
- Written question (author) on the liability of associations to council tax 2023-03
- Written question (author) on obstacles to external insulation work 2023-08
- Co-signed resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into social housing in the overseas territories 2024-04
He questions the government and ministers through oral and written questions on local issues (funding for the Ernest-Couteaux lycée in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, pay for teachers at institutes for deaf young people, the commercial practices of private preparatory courses for medical entrance exams). He co-signs private member's bills and resolutions on related subjects: educational success for young people in the overseas territories through the teaching of regional languages, and the creation of a global agency to award major international sporting events.
- Oral question on the funding cut at the Ernest-Couteaux lycée 2023-05
- Written question on improving career prospects for teachers at INJS institutes 2023-07
- Written question on the commercial practices of private preparatory courses for medical entrance exams 2023-07
- Co-signed resolution for a global agency to award major sporting events 2023-01
He co-signs private member's bills on preventing intrafamilial violence, compensating the victims of chlordecone and the rights of victims whose complaint has been dropped. He questions the government after the terrorist attack in Arras and, by written question, on the situation of court interpreters and translators. He tables an amendment, rejected, to the Ministry of Justice's programming bill, aimed at making it easier for anti-racism associations to join criminal proceedings as civil parties.
- Question to the government after the terrorist attack in Arras 2023-10
- Written question on the situation of court interpreters and translators 2023-04
- Co-signed private member's bill to preserve the rights of victims whose complaint has been dropped 2024-05
- Amendment (rejected) making it easier for anti-racism associations to join criminal proceedings as civil parties 2023-06
He mostly co-signs constitutional bills on the organisation of institutions and the overseas territories: regulating the appointment of members of the Constitutional Council, the parliamentary right of visit, enshrining social security in the Constitution, recognition of the island peoples of the overseas territories. He also questions the government in writing on threats facing an anti-discrimination association.
- Co-signed constitutional bill on regulating the appointment of members of the Constitutional Council 2023-06
- Co-signed private member's bill on the parliamentary right of visit 2024-04
- Co-signed constitutional bill to enshrine social security in the Constitution 2024-04
- Co-signed constitutional bill recognising the island peoples of the overseas territories 2023-11
Most of his activity on this theme consists of 59 amendments tabled on the 2024-2030 military programming bill (25 rejected, 25 not moved, 6 withdrawn, 2 adopted), which notably challenge the use of the terms “outre-mer” and “métropole” in the annexed report, judged to carry a colonial connotation, and propose tightening a financial penalty to 15% of turnover. He also co-signs two motions for a resolution on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: one reaffirming the two-state solution and condemning what it describes as an apartheid regime in Israel, the other calling for a referral to the International Criminal Court on the situation in Gaza.
- Co-signed resolution reaffirming the two-state solution and condemning an apartheid regime in Israel 2023-04
- Co-signed resolution calling for a referral to the ICC on the situation in Gaza 2024-01
- Amendment (series x59, PLM) challenging the term “outre-mer” in the annexed report 2023-05
- Amendment (series x59, PLM) proposing to raise a penalty to 15% of turnover 2023-05
He co-signs four motions for a European resolution, without being the author: support for the peace process in Northern Ireland, an exceptional European levy on the wealth of the richest to fund the ecological transition, the future of rail freight, and a text on the ratification procedure for the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union.
François Hollande
MP 2.21 years
An MP who is very active in volume but rarely the initiator: 102 texts recorded and 4,165 amendment co-signatures not broken down, most of them co-signatures of private member's bills and resolutions sponsored by colleagues, concentrated on economy/employment, health and education. He stands out for regular use of the written question to challenge the government on targeted social and tax issues (support for entry into the labour market, the Ségur de la santé, pensions for firefighters, taxation of precious metals) and for a single personal legislative initiative, a private member's bill creating a status for scientific refugees.
Hollande co-signs a series of his group's private member's bills to support precarious employment and vulnerable groups (medical deserts, the Territoires zéro chômeur trial, accommodation for incapacitating menstruation, reform of split shifts in the cleaning sector) and questions the government through written questions on technical schemes (job-related subsidies for integration and adapted enterprises, the cap on combining work and pension for foster carers, the VAT regime on gold processing). Through co-signature, he also defends industrial sovereignty (protection of the steel sector) and the regulation of new commercial practices (automated parcel lockers).
- Written question on job-related subsidies for integration enterprises 2024-12
- Written question on job-related subsidies for adapted enterprises 2024-12
- Co-signature of a private member's bill making the Territoires zéro chômeur longue durée trial permanent 2025-04
- Written question on the VAT regime applicable to gold processing 2025-04
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on the industrial sovereignty of the steel sector 2025-10
Hollande co-signs a set of texts on end-of-life care, medical deserts (two versions), the mental health of young people and farmers, the removal of the waiting period for sick leave following an abortion, and coverage of refurbished medical devices. He questions the government through written questions on the funding of the Ségur de la santé (extension to private non-profit sectors, the indexed salary supplement) and on threats to the funding of family planning. Two co-signed resolutions call for committees of inquiry into mental health and disability policies.
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on support for the sick and end-of-life care 2024-09
- Written question on the funding of the extension of the Ségur de la santé 2024-10
- Written question on threats to the funding of family planning 2025-02
- Co-signature of a cross-party private member's bill against medical deserts 2024-12
- Co-signature of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into mental health and disability 2025-06
Hollande co-signs emergency measures against the high cost of living in the overseas territories (food products, then services), the fight against the precarious status of temporary lecturers and the right to salary advances. He questions the government through written questions on the individual purchasing power guarantee not paid in 2024 to civil servants, and on the regulation of precious metal buy-backs (VAT on gold, unregulated buying of precious materials).
- Written question on the individual purchasing power guarantee not paid in 2024 2025-01
- Co-signature of an emergency private member's bill against the high cost of living in the overseas territories 2024-10
- Written question on the regulation of unregulated buying of precious metals 2025-07
- Co-signature of a private member's bill for an effective right to salary advances 2026-03
- Co-signature of an emergency private member's bill against the high cost of living in the overseas territories in services 2025-10
Hollande questions the government through written questions on the quarterly pension credit for volunteer firefighters, on the consequences of capping the combination of work and pension for foster carers, and on the specific surcharge paid by professional firefighters under the so-called “fifth” credit. He also co-signs a private member's bill recognising voluntary-sector involvement in the calculation of pension rights.
- Written question on the quarterly pension credit for volunteer firefighters 2025-01
- Written question on the cap on combining work and pension for foster carers 2025-03
- Written question on the surcharge paid by professional firefighters 2026-08
- Co-signature of a private member's bill recognising voluntary-sector involvement in the calculation of pension rights 2025-07
Hollande co-signs texts on the 1-euro student meal, tackling the precarious status of temporary staff in higher education, the regulation of for-profit private nurseries and for-profit private higher education, mental health first aid training, and young people's access to a driving licence in areas under strain. He questions the government on covering the cost of school support assistants' (AESH) meals during the lunch break and on the right of foreign au pairs to drive. A co-signed resolution denounces an ultra-reactionary threat to public education.
- Co-signature of a private member's bill introducing a 1-euro meal for all students 2024-09
- Co-signature of a private member's bill against the precarious status of temporary staff in higher education 2024-10
- Written question on covering the cost of school support assistants' (AESH) meals during the lunch break 2025-03
- Co-signature of an emergency private member's bill to protect children in for-profit private nurseries 2024-10
- Co-signature of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the threat to the Republic's schools 2025-06
Hollande co-signs several texts on combating sexual and intrafamilial violence (creating a specific crime of incest, a comprehensive response to sexist and sexual violence, the repression of online child sexual abuse), on protecting the victims of dropped complaints, and on trialling public-order neighbourhood patrols. Two co-signed resolutions call for committees of inquiry, one on violence in the film and performing arts sectors, the other on the judicial handling of incestuous sexual violence. He questions the government through written questions on the age limit for police reservists and the funding of civil protection associations.
- Co-signature of a private member's bill creating a specific crime of incest 2025-12
- Co-signature of a private member's bill for a comprehensive fight against sexist and sexual violence 2025-12
- Co-signature of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the judicial handling of incestuous sexual violence 2025-10
- Written question on the age limit for national police reservists 2025-03
- Co-signature of a private member's bill trialling public-order neighbourhood patrols 2025-09
Hollande co-signs texts on sustainable fishing (a European resolution, tabled twice), transparency on the formation of food prices and margins, reclaiming rural buildings, mandatory display of the Nutri-Score and a ban on food advertising aimed at children, as well as on the mental health of farmers and a fairer sharing of value in the farming world (a text tabled again).
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on the Observatory for the formation of food prices and margins 2025-04
- Co-signature of a private member's bill making the Nutri-Score mandatory and banning food advertising to children 2025-07
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on the mental health of women and men farmers 2025-10
- Co-signature of a European resolution for sustainable fishing 2025-03
- Co-signature of a private member's bill for a better sharing of value in the farming world 2025-12
Hollande co-signs resolutions calling for full application of the EU Digital Services Act, harmonisation of water quality control thresholds, the promotion of sustainable fishing (tabled twice), import requirements equivalent to European production standards (health, environment, animal welfare) and European cooperation against online child sexual abuse. These texts are a matter of collective co-signature, with no personal initiative identified over this period.
- Co-signature of a resolution for full application of the EU Digital Services Act 2025-02
- Co-signature of a resolution for import requirements equivalent to European standards 2024-09
- Co-signature of a European resolution for sustainable fishing 2025-03
- Co-signature of a resolution on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse 2025-09
- Co-signature of a resolution on the control of plant protection products 2026-05
Hollande co-signs texts on accelerating the energy renovation of housing, banning plastic tableware in collective catering for early childhood, recognition of a national climate change adaptation policy and the adaptation of insurance mechanisms, as well as the development of wine tourism and nature education in schools. A co-signed resolution calls for European harmonisation of water quality thresholds.
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on accelerating the energy renovation of housing 2024-10
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on climate change adaptation and insurance mechanisms 2025-10
- Co-signature of a European resolution on water quality thresholds 2025-03
- Co-signature of a private member's bill banning plastic tableware in early-years catering 2025-03
- Co-signature of a private member's bill on nature education and ecological transition in schools 2025-06
Hollande twice co-signs an organic bill introducing proportional representation for legislative elections, as well as a text making display of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen mandatory. A co-signed resolution denounces an ultra-reactionary threat to the Republic's schools, classed here as touching on institutions.
- Co-signature of an organic private member's bill introducing proportional representation in legislative elections 2025-10
- Co-signature of a second private member's bill introducing proportional representation in legislative elections 2025-10
- Co-signature of a private member's bill making display of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen widespread 2026-03
- Co-signature of a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the threat to the Republic's schools 2025-06
Hollande co-signs three texts: accelerating the energy renovation of housing, securing disputes over energy decency in co-owned buildings, and protecting unaccompanied minors from homelessness.
Hollande co-signs a European resolution calling for full application of the Digital Services Act, a resolution on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse, and a private member's bill strengthening the criminal law framework for repressing online child sexual abuse. Digital issues appear here mainly through the protection of minors online rather than a general digital policy.
- Co-signature of a resolution for full application of the EU Digital Services Act 2025-02
- Co-signature of a resolution on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse 2025-09
- Co-signature of a private member's bill strengthening the criminal law framework for repressing online child sexual abuse 2026-04
Michel Barnier
MP 0.99 years · 13 government bills signed while in government
Former Prime Minister (September-December 2024): in that capacity he sponsored several finance bills (2025 Finance Bill, the 2024 end-of-year budget adjustment law, the Article 45 special law) as well as the bill on the resilience of critical infrastructure and the strengthening of cybersecurity. Back as an MP in 2025-2026, his activity refocuses on security (attacks, algorithmic video surveillance, administrative detention), mental health (which he had designated a national cause for 2025) and scrutiny of government action through very local written questions on Paris.
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the 2025 Social Security Financing Bill and made mental health the national cause for 2025, a subject whose follow-up he continues to track as an MP. He co-signs private member's bills on equitable access to care for people with sickle cell disease and on banning mechanical restraint in psychiatry.
- Government bill (sponsored as Prime Minister) on the 2025 Social Security Financing Bill 2024-10
- Question to the government recalling that mental health was designated the national cause for 2025 2026-03
- Co-signed private member's bill to guarantee equitable access to care for people with sickle cell disease 2025-12
- Co-signed private member's bill to ban mechanical restraint in psychiatric institutions 2026-07
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence cooperation treaty and of France's accession to the SKA Observatory. He then challenges the government on the Gaza peace plan and questions it on extending the Erasmus programme to Mediterranean countries.
- Government bill (sponsored as Prime Minister) ratifying the France-Spain defence cooperation treaty 2024-11
- Question to the government on the Gaza peace plan 2025-10
- Written question on extending the Erasmus programme to Mediterranean countries 2025-10
- Co-signed private member's bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy 2025-12
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the bill on the resilience of critical infrastructure and the strengthening of cybersecurity, as well as the ratification of the ordinance on the social rights of prisoners. Back as an MP, he co-signs private member's bills to strengthen administrative detention and the prevention of attack risk, and to authorise algorithmic processing of CCTV images on public transport. In a question to the government, he pays tribute to the victims of the attacks of 13 November 2015.
- Government bill (sponsored as Prime Minister) on the resilience of critical infrastructure and cybersecurity 2024-10
- Question to the government paying tribute to the victims of the attacks of 13 November 2015 2025-11
- Co-signed private member's bill to strengthen administrative detention and the prevention of attack risks 2025-12
- Co-signed private member's bill authorising algorithmic processing of CCTV images on transport 2025-12
As Prime Minister, he sponsored a bill adapting French law to European Union law. He then challenges the government on French influence in Brussels and questions it on extending the Erasmus programme to Mediterranean countries.
He questions the government on very concrete Parisian issues: the requisitioning of gymnasiums to house young people assessed as adults by child welfare services, Sunday opening of student libraries, and the prevention of sexual violence in after-school services.
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the bill on the resilience of critical infrastructure and cybersecurity. He then co-signs private member's bills to protect minors from the risks of social media and to authorise algorithmic processing of CCTV images. He questions the government on the massive data hack of summer 2026.
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of the ordinance on modernising alternative investment funds and the adaptation of the full employment law to the overseas territories. He then tables two amendments, ruled inadmissible, to the 2026 budget.
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence cooperation treaty. He co-signs a private member's bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy and questions the government on the status of psychologists in the civil service.
Bruno Retailleau
senator 1.8 years · 1 government bill signed while in government
A senator and chair of the Les Républicains group, his activity centres on defending mayors and communes (the status of local elected officials, the safety of elected officials, the future of the commune) and on firm, state-authority texts (immigration, drug trafficking, support for law enforcement after the 2023 riots). He expresses himself overwhelmingly through private member's bills and resolutions of which he is the author, often symbolic Article 34-1 resolutions on international causes such as Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, rather than through tabling amendments.
He defends mayors and communes: a private member's bill to strengthen the safety of local elected officials and the protection of mayors, a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the future of the commune and the mayor, and a text allowing a mayor to be elected in a new commune whose municipal council is incomplete. He also pays tribute to law enforcement through a resolution of gratitude, co-signs the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence treaty and tables an amendment to the military programming bill in favour of Mayotte's port infrastructure.
- Private member's bill to strengthen the safety of local elected officials and the protection of mayors 2023-05
- Resolution for a committee of inquiry into the future of the commune and the mayor 2023-01
- Private member's bill allowing the election of the mayor of a new commune with an incomplete council 2024-04
- Resolution of gratitude towards the law enforcement officers deployed across the country 2023-03
During the urban violence following Nahel's death, he calls on the government to support law enforcement without reservation and refuses any excuse for the rioters. He sponsors a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into drug trafficking, a resolution condemning the Hamas attacks and supporting Israel, and a private member's bill on the safety of local elected officials, complemented by a resolution of gratitude towards law enforcement.
- Question to the government on the death of Nahel and the urban violence: support for law enforcement 2023-07
- Resolution for a committee of inquiry into the impact of drug trafficking in France 2023-10
- Resolution condemning Hamas's terrorist crimes and supporting the Israeli people 2023-10
- Private member's bill for the safety of local elected officials and the protection of mayors 2023-05
He speaks up repeatedly for the Armenian cause: two questions to the government on the blockade and then the Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, asking France to describe it as ethnic cleansing and to denounce the agreement signed by the European Union with Azerbaijan. He co-signs the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence treaty and tables an amendment to the 2024-2030 military programming bill calling for a port infrastructure effort in Mayotte in response to tensions in the Mozambique Channel.
- Question to the government on Azerbaijan's blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 2023-06
- Question to the government on Azerbaijan's offensive and the exodus of Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh 2023-10
- Amendment to the military programming bill calling for a port effort in Mayotte in response to regional tensions 2023-06
- Ratification of the defence cooperation treaty between France and Spain 2024-11
He sponsors two private member's bills to tighten migration policy: one on the sovereignty of France, nationality, immigration and asylum, the other to “take back control” of immigration, integration and asylum policy.
He sponsors a private member's bill on national programming and regulatory simplification for the energy sector, and questions the government on the merit of shortening the peak-hours window given solar production, so as to make the off-peak offer more advantageous for households.
He sponsors a private member's bill to support local authorities' local investment in the face of the inflationary crisis.
The same private member's bill, from the angle of supporting local authorities' local investment to cushion the economic impact of inflation.
He sponsors a European resolution calling for the European Peace Facility to fund an assistance measure for Armenia.
Jordan Bardella
MEP 3.73 years
With 256 texts recorded since 2023, his term in the European Parliament is exercised almost exclusively through the written explanation of vote (a reasoned position text by text) and the written question to the Commission (scrutiny), complemented by motions for a resolution of which he is author or co-author, notably two motions of censure against the European Commission (September 2025, January 2026) and two individual resolutions on sub-Saharan migration and transnational Islamist networks. On substance, he combines support for measures protecting French industry, agriculture and sovereignty with systematic opposition to texts that transfer powers to the European institutions.
He supports technical texts judged beneficial to France (geographical indications, one-off cooperation) but opposes texts which, in his view, transfer powers to the EU institutions or extend the Schengen area without effective control of the external borders. He also challenges the trade agreements he judges unfavourable to producers and to French sovereignty (New Zealand, Mercosur) and defends the member states he believes are targeted by pressure from the Commission, such as Hungary. He regularly questions the Commission on reindustrialisation and the progress of trade negotiations.
- Vote against the EU-New Zealand free trade agreement, judged disastrous for farmers and food self-sufficiency 2023
- Vote against Schengen enlargement as long as the external borders remain porous 2023
- Vote against the resolution on Hungary, denounced as financial blackmail by the Commission 2023
- Written question on the additional text to the EU-Mercosur free trade agreement, with no guarantee for European producers 2023-10
- Written question on the Union's reindustrialisation following remarks by the former chief economist of DG Competition 2023-10
He opposes texts which, in his view, transfer social and economic powers to the European institutions at the expense of the member states (employment guidelines, the employment strand of the European Semester), while supporting targeted industrial and social protection measures (the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund, protection of SME patents). He questions the Commission on the competitiveness of French industry in the face of international competition and environmental regulation (combustion-engine vehicles, electricity, critical metals).
- Vote against the guidelines for member states' employment policies, judged a threat to sovereignty 2023
- Vote against the employment strand of the European Semester, judged ideological 2023
- Vote in favour of mobilising the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for employees made redundant at TNT Belgium 2023
- Written question on the consequences for the French automotive industry of the ban on new combustion-engine vehicles 2023-03
- Written question on the German plan for preferential electricity pricing for industry 2025-11
He opposes institutional developments that strengthen Brussels' powers at the expense of the member states (treaty revision, extending the lifting of immunity to the European Public Prosecutor's Office, an increase in the Parliament's budget). He co-sponsored a motion for a resolution on the election of the European Commission and another asking the Court of Justice for an opinion on the compatibility with the treaties of a draft partnership agreement. He also questions the Commission on the use of European funds and internal appointments.
- Vote against the Parliament's proposals for treaty revision, judged to accelerate the federalist agenda 2023
- Vote against the 6.46% increase in the European Parliament's budget for 2024 2023
- Vote against extending to the European Public Prosecutor's Office the request to lift parliamentary immunity 2023
- Motion for a resolution (group, author) on the election of the European Commission 2024-11
- Motion for a resolution (group, author) asking the Court of Justice for an opinion on the compatibility of a draft partnership agreement with the treaties 2026-01
He challenges any move to make the EU's foreign policy autonomous of that of the member states (the functioning of the EEAS, the European Parliament's parliamentary diplomacy). He co-sponsored a resolution condemning the Hamas attacks on Israel and supporting Israel's right to defend itself, as well as a resolution supporting Ukraine accompanied by reservations presented as red lines for peace and French interests. He questions the Commission on the energy sanctions targeting Russia.
- Vote against strengthening the EEAS, contesting that it gives the EU the attributes of a State in foreign policy 2023
- Motion for a resolution (group, author) condemning Hamas's terrorist attacks on Israel and supporting its right to defend itself 2023-10
- Vote on continued EU support for Ukraine, accompanied by reservations presented as red lines for peace 2024
- Motion for a resolution (group, author) on continued EU support for Ukraine after three years of war 2025-03
- Written question calling for an audit of the energy sanctions imposed on Russia 2025-03
He sponsors in his own name two motions for a resolution: one on what he calls the sub-Saharan migratory wave, the other on combating the establishment of transnational Islamist networks in Europe. He questions the Commission on the effectiveness of partnerships to combat illegal immigration with countries of origin and on migrant regularisations in Spain.
- Individual motion for a resolution (author) on the wave of sub-Saharan migration 2024-09
- Individual motion for a resolution (author) on combating the establishment of transnational Islamist networks in Europe 2025-06
- Written question on the effectiveness of EU partnerships with countries of origin in combating illegal immigration 2023-11
- Written question (co-signed) on the regularisation of illegal migrants in Spain 2024-09
- Plenary speech on the need to adopt the asylum and migration package swiftly (debate topic only, content not available) 2023-10
He supports police and judicial cooperation instruments against terrorism and organised crime (Prüm II data exchange, information exchange with Eurojust) while calling for more systematic border controls. He questions the Commission on possible direct or indirect EU funding of Hamas, on Albania’s accession and on the movements he describes as anti-fascist.
- Vote in favour of strengthening the automated exchange of police data under Prüm II 2023
- Vote in favour of improving counter-terrorism information exchange between Member States and Eurojust 2023
- Written question on possible direct or indirect funding of Hamas by the European Union 2023-10
- Written question on Albania’s accession to the European Union 2025-11
- Written question (co-signed) on anti-fascist movements presented as a threat to democracy 2026-03
He opposes environmental standards that he considers penalising for industry and transport (inclusion of maritime transport in the carbon market, minimum taxation of kerosene). He questions the Commission on French energy policy (nuclear fleet, rail freight), which he believes is being penalised by Brussels in the name of climate policy.
- Vote against including maritime transport in the European carbon market 2023
- Written question on the proposed minimum taxation of kerosene and its impact on consumers 2023-10
- Written question denouncing the Commission’s action against French energy strategy 2024-09
- Written question on the Commission’s investigation into French rail freight 2025-03
- Written question on the modulation of EDF’s nuclear fleet and the European electricity market 2026-02
On the texts genuinely related to health (several texts filed under this heading in fact concern the EU budget, enlargement or industrial matters, and are flagged as classification errors), he advocates relocating the production of strategic medicines and medical equipment to Europe (amoxicillin shortage, surgical masks, the pharmaceutical industry) and backs consensual public health measures such as tackling antimicrobial resistance. He does, however, oppose the creation of a European health data space, which he considers a risk to privacy.
- Vote expressing concerns about the European health data space, in the interest of privacy 2023
- Vote in favour of stepping up the fight against antimicrobial resistance 2023
- Written question on the amoxicillin shortage and relocating medicine production to Europe 2023-03
- Written question in support of European manufacturers of surgical masks 2023-03
- Written question on relocating pharmaceutical production to Europe 2025-03
He supports measures protecting farmers and French food sovereignty (geographical indications, food safety, poultry labelling) and opposes free trade agreements that he considers unfavourable to European producers (New Zealand). He questions the Commission on what he presents as unfair competition, in particular the European subsidy for South African viticulture.
- Vote in favour of strengthening the geographical indications that protect farmers 2023
- Vote against the EU-New Zealand free trade agreement, judged disastrous for farmers 2023
- Vote in favour of strengthening food security and reducing dependence on third countries 2023
- Written question on changing the labelling rules for poultry rearing methods 2023-03
- Written question denouncing the European subsidy for South African viticulture in the midst of the wine-growing crisis 2025-07
Most of the texts attached to this heading by the automatic classification do not actually concern education or youth (transport infrastructure, semiconductors, chemical substances) and are flagged as classification errors. On the texts that genuinely fall within the subject, he supports better conditions for young researchers, opposes a text on quality traineeships which he considers encroaches on Member States’ competence on remuneration, and questions the Commission on youth unemployment in the EU and on the plan to extend the Erasmus programme to countries in the Maghreb and the Middle East.
- Vote in favour of the resolution improving living conditions and the portability of qualifications for young researchers 2023
- Vote against the text on quality traineeships, judged to encroach on Member States’ competence on remuneration 2023
- Written question on reducing the youth unemployment rate in the EU 2023-10
- Written question on the plan to extend the Erasmus programme to countries in the Maghreb and the Middle East 2025-10
He points to the risk, for households and industry, of standards he considers inflationary (Euro 7 emissions standards, minimum taxation of kerosene) and opposes texts which, in his view, transfer social competences to the European institutions without addressing real purchasing power (social dialogue). He questions the Commission on the impact of rising energy prices on French industry (batteries) and on the regulation of the sugar market.
- Vote flagging the risk posed by the new Euro 7 emissions standards in an already constraining context for carmakers 2023
- Written question on the minimum taxation of kerosene and its impact on consumers 2023-10
- Written question on the threat to battery plants in France and Europe linked to rising energy prices 2023-03
- Vote against strengthening social dialogue, judged to transfer social competences from the Member States to the Commission 2023
- Written question on the framework for the inward processing regime and its impact on the European sugar market 2026-02
On the three texts under this heading, he supports fair remuneration for authors in the face of music streaming platforms and stronger international cooperation against cybercrime, while regretting that a text on online administration neglects the question of digital sovereignty and European data centres.
- Vote in favour of fair remuneration for authors in the face of music streaming platforms 2023
- Vote regretting the absence of a digital sovereignty component in the text on online administration 2023
- Vote in favour of strengthening international cooperation against cybercrime (Budapest Convention) 2023
Raphaël Glucksmann
MEP 3.73 years
A very high volume of European parliamentary activity (175 unique texts over the period, concentrated on foreign policy, the defence of Ukraine against Russia and the fight against foreign interference in democracy, an area in which he represents the Parliament’s special committee on foreign interference); the 31 texts outside the thematic grid (plenary speeches on Iran, Hong Kong, Syria, Georgia and European Councils) confirm the same focus. Mixed style: intensive oversight through written questions, a large number of co-signed S&D joint resolutions on international crises, and two mandates as rapporteur in his own right (screening of foreign investments in the EU, European defence industry programme) as well as two shadow rapporteurships (forced labour products, generalised tariff preferences).
His position is dominated by support for Ukraine and a hard line against Russia: co-signing numerous S&D joint resolutions calling for a special tribunal for the crime of aggression, tougher sanctions (including against Russia’s oil “shadow fleet” and its circumvention methods) and continued military and financial support for Kyiv. He also asks questions, alone or with S&D colleagues, on related subjects: investment treaties with Russia and Belarus, and follow-up on alleged forced labour at the BYD plant in Szeged, Hungary. On China, he co-signs resolutions on Uyghur political prisoners and the Hong Kong security law; he has also led a Parliament report on the European defence industry programme (EDIP). A good share of the texts (26 plenary speeches) record only the subject of the debate, not the content of his remarks.
- Co-signed S&D motion for a resolution for a special tribunal to try the crime of aggression against Ukraine 2023-01
- Resolution calling for Union action against the Russian shadow fleet and full implementation of sanctions 2024-11
- Parliament report on the European defence industry programme (EDIP) 2025-04
- Written question (sole author) on bilateral investment treaties with Russia and Belarus 2026-01
- Follow-up question on alleged forced labour at the BYD plant in Szeged (Hungary) 2026-06
A committed voice on foreign interference in European democracy: on behalf of the Parliament’s special committee on foreign interference, he puts an oral question on the integrity of the 2024 European elections, and co-signs the “Russiagate” resolution on allegations of Russian interference within Parliament itself. In an explanation of vote, he welcomes the strengthening of Parliament’s transparency and integrity rules after the Qatargate scandal, and tables on his own an individual motion for a resolution on the right to demonstrate and the limits on the use of public force. He also questions Elon Musk’s conflicts of interest and political interference, and co-signs resolutions on Georgia’s “foreign agents” law and the Hong Kong security law, both presented as democratic backsliding.
- Individual motion for a resolution (sole author) on the right to demonstrate and the limits on the use of public force 2023-03
- Oral question on behalf of the special committee on foreign interference, on the integrity of the 2024 European elections 2023-04
- Written explanation of vote welcoming the strengthening of Parliament’s transparency and integrity rules after Qatargate 2023
- “Russiagate” resolution on allegations of Russian interference in the EU’s democratic processes 2024-02
- Co-signed written question on Elon Musk’s conflicts of interest and political interference 2024-11
A register centred on accountability and international law: he asks questions about the criminal shipwreck off Greece and calls for the release of the Russian dissident Vladimir Kara-Murza, while co-signing joint resolutions condemning the Hong Kong security law and human rights violations in Azerbaijan. One speech in 2026 concerns state violence in Minneapolis and the rule of law in the United States (debate topic only, content of his remarks not known). Also in 2026, he puts a question on his own on arbitration proceedings brought under the Energy Charter Treaty by entities linked to sanctioned individuals, a continuation of his monitoring of Russian sanctions evasion.
- Co-signed written question on the criminal shipwreck in Greece 2023-06
- Co-signed written question on the urgent need to act for the release of Vladimir Kara-Murza 2024-03
- Joint resolution on the Hong Kong security law and the case of Andy Li and Joseph John 2024-04
- Topical debate on state violence in Minneapolis and the rule of law in the United States (debate topic only, content not known) 2026-02
- Written question (sole author) on Energy Charter Treaty arbitrations brought by entities linked to sanctioned individuals 2026-07
He defends European industry and jobs against unfair competition and relocation: shadow rapporteur on the ban on products made with forced labour and author of a Parliament report on the European defence industry programme (EDIP), he puts questions on his own on Thales’s relocation outside the Union and the strategic autonomy of the defence industrial base, and twice on alleged forced labour at the BYD plant in Szeged (Hungary). He is also rapporteur for opinion, on behalf of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, on the corporate sustainability due diligence directive. The rest of the section (steel, solar energy, EU-Qatar air transport) consists mainly of written oversight questions, tabled alone or co-signed.
- Report (shadow rapporteur) on the ban on products made with forced labour on the EU market 2023-10
- Report on the European defence industry programme (EDIP) 2025-04
- Written question (sole author) on Thales’s relocation outside the EU and the strategic autonomy of the EDTIB 2024-11
- Co-signed written question on alleged forced labour at the BYD plant in Szeged (Hungary) 2026-04
- Opinion (rapporteur for opinion, AFET) on corporate sustainability due diligence 2023-01
He was rapporteur for the European regulation on the screening of foreign investments in the Union (A10-0061/2025, confirmed by the title of the vote, which bears his name), and shadow rapporteur on the reform of the generalised scheme of tariff preferences. He asks questions on the provisional application of the EU-Mercosur agreement and on international child abductions under the Brussels IIb Regulation, and calls for American scientists affected by the Trump administration’s budget cuts to be welcomed. He speaks several times on European strategic autonomy vis-à-vis China and on the steel crisis.
- Report (confirmed rapporteur) on the screening of foreign investments in the Union 2025-04
- Report (shadow rapporteur) on the reform of the generalised scheme of tariff preferences (GSP) 2023-09
- Co-signed question on the provisional application of the agreement with Mercosur 2026-01
- Written question (author, with two others) on international child abductions and the Brussels IIb Regulation 2025-03
- Co-signed question on welcoming American scientists after the Trump budget cuts 2025-03
A section dominated by oversight through written questions, often tabled alone, on precise technical subjects: fraud in imports of used cooking oil, revision of the import criteria for protected timber species, the future of the Energy Charter Treaty, a loophole in the carbon border adjustment mechanism for steel made from pre-reduced iron ore, and the use of Georgian refineries to circumvent sanctions on Russian oil. There is no bill or resolution that he initiated alone on this theme: it is essentially a matter of vigilance and follow-up work.
- Question on the next steps concerning the Energy Charter Treaty 2023-02
- Written question (sole author) on fraudulent imports of used cooking oil 2023-11
- Written question (sole author) on revising the import criteria for protected timber species 2023-12
- Co-signed question on a loophole in the carbon border adjustment mechanism for steel made from pre-reduced iron ore 2025-05
- Co-signed question on the use of Georgian refineries to evade sanctions on Russian oil 2025-11
A section largely affected by automatic classification errors (4 texts flagged as classification errors: foreign investment, carbon mechanism, night trains, institutional interference, none genuinely related to immigration or identity). The content that can genuinely be attached to the theme is thin: a plenary speech on the Islamist terrorist attack on French schools in 2023 (debate topic only, content not known), a co-signed written question on the Union’s response to the transnational repression of diasporas, and a speech during the commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the 13 November 2015 attacks in Paris (debate topic only, content not known). No clear position can be established beyond these observations on subject matter.
- Speech on the Islamist terrorist attack on French schools (debate topic only, content not known) 2023-10
- Co-signed written question on the Union’s response to transnational repression 2024-02
- Speech during the commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the 13 November 2015 attacks (debate topic only, content not known) 2025-11
He focuses on the responsibility of digital platforms in the face of disinformation and electoral interference: questions on the change to X’s algorithm before the 2024 US election and on the effects of Elon Musk’s statements on social debate and electoral processes, a speech calling for enforcement of the Digital Services Act (DSA) to protect democracy, and a co-signed oral question calling for a “European democracy shield” against the algorithms of the large platforms. He also co-signs a resolution on consumer protection against platforms selling child-like sex dolls. One text on the European pulp industry is flagged as a classification error, unrelated to this theme.
- Question on the change to X’s algorithm before the US elections 2024-11
- Co-signed written question on the negative effects of Elon Musk’s statements on social debate and electoral processes 2025-01
- Speech on the need to enforce the DSA to protect democracy on platforms 2025-01
- Co-signed oral question “European Democracy Shield” on platform algorithms and foreign interference 2025-12
- Co-signed resolution on protecting consumers against platforms selling child-like sex dolls 2025-11
A small section, partly affected by a classification error (an oral question on the “European democracy shield”, unrelated to purchasing power, flagged as a classification error). The remaining content shows attention to poverty and the cost of living: a speech during the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of Abbé Pierre’s appeal against homelessness (debate topic only, content not known), a written question on obstacles to competition in France’s outlying territories, a speech on the impact of the Middle East crisis on energy and fertiliser prices (debate topic only, content not known), and co-signing of the resolution on consumer protection against certain e-commerce platforms.
- Speech during the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of Abbé Pierre’s appeal on homelessness and poverty (debate topic only, content not known) 2024-02
- Written question on obstacles to competition in France’s outlying territories in the face of the high cost of living 2025-02
- Speech on the Middle East crisis and its repercussions for energy prices and fertiliser availability (debate topic only, content not known) 2026-04
- Co-signed resolution on protecting consumers against certain e-commerce platforms 2025-11
Of the 4 texts filed here, 3 are clearly misfiled by the automatic classification and are flagged as classification errors (an explanation of vote on Parliament’s Rules of Procedure, a question on sanctions against the Russian shadow fleet, a speech on preparing a European Council devoted to Ukraine): none has any bearing on health. The only genuinely relevant text is a co-signed written question on the transparency and health risks of menstrual hygiene products. The theme therefore does not allow a position of the candidate’s own on health to be established from this corpus.
Gabriel Attal
MP 1.77 years · 25 government bills signed while in government
A high volume (76 texts between 2023 and 2026, including 596 undetailed co-signatures of amendments) driven by two very different phases: as Prime Minister (January to September 2024), he presented or signed some twenty government bills (budget, social security, end of life, affordable housing, the electoral status of New Caledonia, international agreements); returning as an MP in October 2024, he co-signs cross-party private member’s bills on security, health and housing in large numbers. As an MP, he himself sponsors only two private member’s bills: one on justice for juvenile offenders (accompanied by five personal amendments), the other, symbolic, on the rehabilitation of Alfred Dreyfus.
Author of a private member’s bill to restore the authority of justice over juvenile offenders and their parents (October 2024), on which he himself tabled amendments to toughen the text: extending educational probation, stricter limits on sentence mitigation for minors over sixteen, and a shorter delay before the single hearing. He also co-signs private member’s bills on preventing terrorist attacks and administrative detention, protecting victims of sexual violence when their attacker is released, responding to sexual and intrafamily violence, and the criminal redefinition of rape.
- Author of a private member’s bill restoring the authority of justice over juvenile offenders and their parents 2024-10
- Personal amendment toughening sentence mitigation for minors over 16 2024-11
- Personal amendment shortening the delay before the single hearing for minors over 16 2024-11
- Co-signs a private member’s bill improving security and the prevention of terrorist attack risks 2025-07
- Co-signs a private member’s bill protecting victims of sexual violence when their attacker is released 2025-09
As Prime Minister, he sponsored several government bills authorising bilateral cooperation and defence agreements (Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, cross-border apprenticeships with Germany) as well as the ratification of a United Nations convention on the law of the sea. In questions to the government, he defends France’s support for Ukraine against Russia and a firm line towards Iran, in the name of international law.
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the defence cooperation agreement with Papua New Guinea 2024-02
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the defence cooperation agreement with Indonesia 2024-04
- Question to the government on the war in Ukraine, support for Ukrainian resistance 2025-03
- Question to the government on the international situation, firmness towards Iran and support for international law 2025-06
- Co-signs a resolution calling for stronger support for Ukraine 2025-02
On this theme, most of the texts filed here in fact concern other subjects: cooperation and defence agreements, international sanctions (see classification errors). The only genuinely relevant text is a question to the government (April 2025, “Defending the Republic”) in which he calls for national unity around a Republic that “protects, blind to beliefs” and brings people together beyond their affiliations.
As Prime Minister, he sponsored two texts on New Caledonia: the postponement of the renewal of the Congress and the provincial assemblies, and a constitutional revision of the electorate for those elections (January 2024). As an MP, he co-signs a private member’s bill to simplify the “territorial millefeuille” by creating a single local authority, and in a question to the government he defends a Republic that brings people together beyond their affiliations.
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the postponement of the renewal of New Caledonia’s Congress and provincial assemblies 2024-01
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the constitutional revision of New Caledonia’s electorate 2024-01
- Co-signs a private member’s bill simplifying the territorial millefeuille through a single local authority 2025-09
- Question to the government “Defending the Republic” 2025-04
He personally sponsors a symbolic private member’s bill calling for Alfred Dreyfus to be promoted to the rank of brigadier general (May 2025). He also co-signs texts on an inclusive pathway for pupils with disabilities, a trial of food education teaching in schools, and the steering of national sports policy.
- Author of a private member’s bill calling for Alfred Dreyfus to be promoted to the rank of brigadier general 2025-05
- Co-signs a private member’s bill strengthening the inclusive pathway for pupils with disabilities 2024-10
- Co-signs a private member’s bill trialling food education teaching in schools 2025-11
- Co-signs a resolution strengthening the steering of national sports policy 2025-11
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the government bill on support for the terminally ill and end of life (April 2024), as well as the annual social security budget texts and the ratification of an international convention on workers’ safety and health. As an MP, he co-signs texts on the nursing profession, the crisis in psychiatry and mental health, a prevention strategy on chemsex, and the right of doctors qualified in the United Kingdom before Brexit to practise in France.
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the government bill on support for the terminally ill and end of life 2024-04
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the approval of the 2023 social security accounts 2024-07
- Co-signs a resolution on the crisis in psychiatry and mental health 2025-03
- Co-signs a private member’s bill on the nursing profession 2024-12
- Co-signs a resolution for a national prevention strategy on chemsex 2024-10
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of economic ordinances (corporate sustainability and reporting, taxation of goods and services). As an MP, he co-signs texts on unemployment insurance reform, a stable tax framework for micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses, protection against workplace discrimination linked to parenting plans, and adapting the legal and tax framework to crypto-assets.
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ratification of the ordinance on corporate sustainability 2024-02
- Co-signs a private member’s bill reforming unemployment insurance 2025-09
- Co-signs a private member’s bill guaranteeing a stable tax framework for micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses 2025-04
- Co-signs a private member’s bill adapting the legal and tax framework to crypto-assets 2026-07
As Prime Minister, he sponsored government bills ratifying agreements with a European dimension (transposition of a motor insurance directive, EU-Armenia/Ukraine common aviation area). As an MP, he co-signs a series of European foreign policy resolutions: support for Ukraine, condemnation of Azerbaijan’s interference in New Caledonia, the release of Boualem Sansal, condemnation of the segregation of Afghan women, stronger European regulation of the large digital platforms, and the inclusion of Caledonian nickel in the European critical raw materials strategy.
- Co-signs a European resolution calling for stronger support for Ukraine 2025-02
- Co-signs a resolution condemning Azerbaijan’s interference in New Caledonia 2025-01
- Co-signs a resolution calling for the release of Boualem Sansal 2025-01
- Co-signs a resolution condemning the segregation imposed on Afghan women by the Taliban 2025-03
- Co-signs a resolution strengthening European regulation of the large digital platforms 2025-11
As Prime Minister, he sponsored the government bill on developing the supply of affordable housing (May 2024). As an MP, he co-signs texts on ending lifetime tenancies in social housing, the recovery of homes abandoned by tenants, securing energy-efficiency obligations in co-owned buildings, and access to housing for public service workers.
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the government bill on developing the supply of affordable housing 2024-05
- Co-signs a private member’s bill ending lifetime tenancies in social housing 2025-02
- Co-signs a private member’s bill strengthening the recovery of homes abandoned by tenants 2024-10
- Co-signs a private member’s bill improving access to housing for public service workers 2025-04
The three texts filed here are government bills that he sponsored as Prime Minister: the ratification of an ordinance on corporate sustainability reporting, the development of the supply of affordable housing, and the management of climate risk in overseas agriculture.
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ratification of the ordinance on corporate sustainability 2024-02
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the government bill on developing the supply of affordable housing 2024-05
- Sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ratification of the ordinance on climate risk in overseas agriculture 2024-05
He co-signs three digital texts: the protection of retailers through digital tools, stronger enforcement of the European Digital Services Act against the large e-commerce platforms, and the protection of minors from the risks of using social media.
Gérald Darmanin
MP 0.1 years · 18 government bills signed while in government
A minister throughout the period, his activity is read almost solely through government bills co-signed as a minister: domestic security and overseas ratifications in 2023, then criminal justice (juvenile offenders, criminal procedure, criminal justice) from 2024 to 2026, alongside health and economic texts. He speaks in his own name only twice, to support state action after Cyclone Chido in Mayotte and after the assault on a teacher in Tourcoing.
He presses the government on the health situation in Mayotte after Cyclone Chido, describing a hospital operating at half capacity and a destroyed water network. He also co-signs texts on support for parents of children with cancer or disabilities, the creation of a university hospital centre in Corsica, and the ratification of an ordinance extending health provisions to the Pacific territories.
- question to the government on the health situation in Mayotte after Cyclone Chido 2024-12
- private member’s bill on protecting parents of children with cancer, serious illness and disabilities 2024-09
- private member’s bill on creating a university hospital centre in Corsica 2024-10
- ratification of an ordinance extending health provisions to the Pacific 2023-11
At the request of the Union des Industries Textiles, he tables an amendment extending until 2027 the collection tax credit for the textile, clothing and leather sector. He also co-signs the ratification of an ordinance on the overseas monetary and financial code and a private member’s bill on treating crop diseases by drone.
As a minister, he sponsors a series of security and justice texts: in 2023, the ratification of ordinances on criminal liability and domestic security overseas and on training for private security activities; from 2024, a private member’s bill on the authority of justice over juvenile offenders, then government bills on criminal justice and respect for victims, the rewriting of the code of criminal procedure and compensation for damage caused by violence in public spaces.
- ratification of an ordinance on criminal liability and domestic security overseas 2023-03
- private member’s bill to restore the authority of justice over juvenile offenders and their parents 2024-10
- government bill on criminal justice and respect for victims 2026-03
- government bill ratifying the ordinance rewriting the code of criminal procedure 2026-05
As a minister, he co-signs three institutional texts linked to New Caledonia: the ratification of an ordinance extending the rules on differentiation and decentralisation, the postponement of the renewal of the Congress and the provincial assemblies, and the constitutional revision of the electorate for those elections.
Bruno Le Maire
40 government bills signed while in government
Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty until September 2024: in that capacity, he sponsored almost all of the government’s major budget and economic texts over the period (2024 Finance Bill, budget settlement acts for 2021 to 2023, the 2023 end-of-year supplementary budget, the law on simplifying economic life, the green industry law, the 2024 Social Security Financing Act), as well as numerous ratifications of technical ordinances (customs, liberal professions, crafts, mining code). No text of parliamentary initiative (private member’s bill): his recorded activity consists solely of government texts and ends in July 2024, at the end of his ministerial term.
As Minister for the Economy and Finance, he sponsored the social security financial texts: the supplementary social security financing bill for 2023, the Social Security Financing Act for 2024, and the acts approving the social security accounts for 2022 and 2023.
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) on supplementary social security financing for 2023 2023-01
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) on social security financing for 2024 2023-09
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) approving the 2022 social security accounts 2023-05
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) approving the 2023 social security accounts 2024-05
As Minister for the Economy, he sponsored the major economic texts of the term: the green industry law, the transposition of the national cross-industry agreement on profit-sharing in companies, the emergency law on commercial negotiations in large-scale retail, and the ratification of the ordinance establishing the crafts code.
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) on green industry 2023-05
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) transposing the national cross-industry agreement on profit-sharing in companies 2023-05
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) on emergency measures for commercial negotiations in large-scale retail 2023-09
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) ratifying the ordinance establishing the legislative part of the crafts code 2023-06
As Minister for the Economy, he sponsored the ratification of the ordinance on climate risk management tools in agriculture, the one on combating climate change, and a text adapting French law to European Union law on the ecological transition.
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) ratifying the ordinance on climate risk management tools in agriculture 2023-01
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) ratifying the ordinance on combating climate change 2023-09
- Government bill (sponsored as minister) adapting French law to EU law on the ecological transition 2023-11
Elisabeth Borne
MP 3.2 years · 78 government bills signed while in government
Élisabeth Borne tabled or co-signed 113 texts between 2023 and 2026 (plus 482 undetailed co-signatures of amendments), the great majority of them government bills she sponsored as Prime Minister between January 2023 and January 2024, including two major reforms (immigration and integration, the 2024-2030 military programming law) and the State’s main budget texts (2024 Finance Bill, 2024 Social Security Financing Bill, budget settlement acts). After leaving Matignon, she mainly co-signed more targeted private member’s bills as an MP, then sponsored two government bills as Minister for National Education in 2025 (private higher education, teachers in Wallis and Futuna).
As Prime Minister in 2023, she sponsored the Ministry of Justice programming law for 2023-2027 and the organic law on opening up and modernising the judiciary, as well as several emergency texts for rebuilding buildings damaged in the urban riots of June-July 2023. As an MP from 2024, she co-signed private member’s bills strengthening the criminal justice response to racism and antisemitism and to sexual and gender-based violence, and on security and administrative detention in the face of the risk of terrorist attack.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the Ministry of Justice programming law for 2023-2027 2023-05
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the organic law on the openness and accountability of the judiciary 2023-05
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ratification of an ordinance on rebuilding buildings damaged in the 2023 urban riots 2023-10
- co-signed a private member’s bill for a comprehensive response to sexual and gender-based violence against women and children 2026-08
- co-signed a private member’s bill on security, administrative detention and preventing the risk of terrorist attack 2025-12
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the supplementary 2023 Social Security Financing Bill and then the 2024 Social Security Financing Bill, as well as several ratifications of ordinances on health and social security overseas. As an MP, she co-signed the private member’s bill on support for the terminally ill and end of life, and the one making it easier for doctors qualified in the United Kingdom before Brexit to practise in France.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the supplementary 2023 Social Security Financing Bill 2023-01
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the 2024 Social Security Financing Bill 2023-09
- co-signed the private member’s bill on support for the terminally ill and end of life 2024-09
- co-signed a private member’s bill making it easier for doctors qualified in the United Kingdom before Brexit to practise in France 2025-11
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the laws on green industry, full employment, profit-sharing in companies and emergency measures for commercial negotiations in large-scale retail. As an MP, she co-signed a private member’s bill to increase business financing and France’s attractiveness.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the green industry law 2023-05
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the full employment law 2023-06
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the law transposing the agreement on profit-sharing in companies 2023-05
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the emergency law on commercial negotiations in large-scale retail 2023-09
- co-signed a private member’s bill to increase business financing and France’s attractiveness 2024-03
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the 2024-2030 military programming law and a series of bilateral agreements (EU common aviation area, aviation security, cross-border police cooperation). As an MP, she co-signed the private member’s bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the 2024-2030 military programming law 2023-04
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the EU-Armenia, EU-Ukraine and EU-Qatar common aviation area agreements 2023-05
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the France-Canada agreement on deploying in-flight security officers 2023-05
- co-signed a private member’s bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy 2025-12
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law to control immigration and improve integration (2023), as well as several bilateral agreements on the readmission of people in an irregular situation and on the movement of diplomatic staff. As an MP, she co-signed the private member’s bill to prevent foreign interference in France.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the law to control immigration and improve integration 2023-02
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the agreement with North Macedonia on the readmission of people in an irregular situation 2023-02
- co-signed a private member’s bill to prevent foreign interference in France 2024-02
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law on the organisation of nuclear safety and radiation protection governance, presented as accompanying the relaunch of the nuclear sector, as well as a ratification on connection to and access to public electricity networks. As an MP, she co-signed a private member’s bill on energy renovation works in housing.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the law on nuclear safety governance, for the relaunch of the nuclear sector 2023-12
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ratification of the ordinance on connection to public electricity networks 2023-11
- co-signed a private member’s bill on the conditions for carrying out energy renovation works in housing 2024-05
As Prime Minister, she sponsored a decentralisation ordinance extended to the local authorities under Article 74 and to New Caledonia, and an organic law on appointments under Article 13 of the Constitution. As an MP, she co-signed two organic bills introducing proportional representation for legislative elections and a bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy; on these last three texts she is a co-signatory, not the initiator.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the decentralisation ordinance extended to New Caledonia 2023-03
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the organic law on appointments under Article 13 of the Constitution 2023-12
- co-signed an organic bill introducing proportional representation for legislative elections 2025-10
- co-signed a private member’s bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy 2025-12
As Prime Minister, she sponsored several technical texts adapting French law to European Union law, including the automated national criminal record and an omnibus text covering the economy, the ecological transition and criminal law. As an MP, she co-signed European resolutions on enforcement of the Digital Services Act against the large e-commerce platforms and on the inclusion of Caledonian nickel in the European critical raw materials strategy.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ordinance on the automated national criminal record, in application of EU law 2023-02
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, an omnibus text adapting French law to EU law (economy, ecological transition, criminal law) 2023-11
- co-signed a European resolution on enforcing the Digital Services Act against the large e-commerce platforms 2025-11
- co-signed a European resolution on including Caledonian nickel in the European critical raw materials strategy 2025-11
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the ratification of the ordinance on cross-border apprenticeships. As Minister for National Education in 2025, she sponsored the bill regulating private higher education and the one transferring primary school teachers in Wallis and Futuna to the State. As an MP, she co-signed a private member’s bill strengthening the inclusive pathway for pupils with disabilities.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the ratification of the ordinance on cross-border apprenticeships 2023-03
- sponsored, as Minister for National Education, the government bill regulating private higher education 2025-07
- sponsored, as Minister for National Education, the transfer of primary school teachers in Wallis and Futuna to the State 2025-04
- co-signed a private member’s bill strengthening the inclusive pathway for pupils with disabilities 2024-10
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law accelerating and simplifying the renovation of dilapidated housing and large-scale development projects, introduced after the urban riots of 2023. As an MP, she co-signed private member’s bills on energy renovation of housing, the recovery of homes abandoned by tenants and energy-efficiency standards in co-owned buildings.
- sponsored, as Prime Minister, the law accelerating and simplifying the renovation of dilapidated housing 2023-12
- co-signed a private member’s bill on energy renovation works in housing 2024-05
- co-signed a private member’s bill on the recovery of homes abandoned by tenants 2024-10
- co-signed a private member’s bill on energy-efficiency standards in co-owned buildings 2024-11
As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law to secure and regulate the digital space (SREN). As an MP, she co-signed private member’s bills on protecting retailers through digital tools and on protecting minors from the risks of social media.